2022Journal Article ER5 Auteurs : Dbouk, T.; Habchi, C.; Harion, Jean-Luc; Drikakis, D. Heat transfer and mixing enhancement by Poiseuille-Taylor-Couette flow between two rotating elliptically-deformed annular tubes In: International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, vol. 96, pp. 109011, 2022, (ACL). Links @article{dbouk:hal-03744658,
title = {Heat transfer and mixing enhancement by Poiseuille-Taylor-Couette flow between two rotating elliptically-deformed annular tubes},
author = {T. Dbouk and C. Habchi and Jean-Luc Harion and D. Drikakis},
url = {https://hal.science/hal-03744658},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2022.109011},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-01},
journal = {International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow},
volume = {96},
pages = {109011},
publisher = {Elsevier},
note = {ACL},
keywords = {ER5},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
2020Journal Article ER5 Auteurs : Ferreira, M C S; Furieri, B; Santos, J M; Moctar, Ould A El; Harion, Jean-Luc; Valance, A; Dupont, P; Reis, N C An experimental and numerical study of the aeolian erosion of isolated and successive piles In: Environmental Fluid Mechanics, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 123–144, 2020, ISBN: 1573-1510, (ACL). Abstract | Links @article{Ferreira.etal2020,
title = {An experimental and numerical study of the aeolian erosion of isolated and successive piles},
author = {M C S Ferreira and B Furieri and J M Santos and Ould A El Moctar and Jean-Luc Harion and A Valance and P Dupont and N C Reis},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10652-019-09702-z},
doi = {10.1007/s10652-019-09702-z},
isbn = {1573-1510},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Environmental Fluid Mechanics},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {123--144},
abstract = {Open storage yards at industrial sites usually comprise several piles of granular materials, representing a particulate matter source that may significantly deteriorate air quality. The aeolian erosion of stockpiles is affected by changes in airflow patterns due to the pile shape and the presence of nearby piles or buildings. The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of wind erosion of successive parallel stockpiles on flow behaviour and particle emissions. A wind tunnel experiment was conducted in six configurations: one isolated pile and two successive piles separated by gaps of 0.9h and 1.8h (h is the pile height) oriented to 60$,^circ$and 90$,^circ$with respect to the main wind flow direction. The particles in the piles had a bimodal particle size distribution consisting of sand that was erodible (white) and non-erodible (black) in the investigated velocity range. The contrasting colours enabled the visualisation of the non-erodible sand accumulation. The mean field of the wall shear stress distribution and flow pathlines predicted by numerical simulation were associated with the experimental erosion patterns. The emitted mass was experimentally quantified as the difference between the initial and final stockpile weights. Downstream pile had a large impact on the aeolian erosion as it was highly eroded as a result of the impact of the particles emitted from the upstream pile. The emissions of the two consecutive stockpiles were greater than twice the emissions from an isolated stockpile for both orientations. Additionally, emissions were lower for configurations in which the piles were perpendicular.},
note = {ACL},
keywords = {ER5},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Open storage yards at industrial sites usually comprise several piles of granular materials, representing a particulate matter source that may significantly deteriorate air quality. The aeolian erosion of stockpiles is affected by changes in airflow patterns due to the pile shape and the presence of nearby piles or buildings. The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of wind erosion of successive parallel stockpiles on flow behaviour and particle emissions. A wind tunnel experiment was conducted in six configurations: one isolated pile and two successive piles separated by gaps of 0.9h and 1.8h (h is the pile height) oriented to 60$,^circ$and 90$,^circ$with respect to the main wind flow direction. The particles in the piles had a bimodal particle size distribution consisting of sand that was erodible (white) and non-erodible (black) in the investigated velocity range. The contrasting colours enabled the visualisation of the non-erodible sand accumulation. The mean field of the wall shear stress distribution and flow pathlines predicted by numerical simulation were associated with the experimental erosion patterns. The emitted mass was experimentally quantified as the difference between the initial and final stockpile weights. Downstream pile had a large impact on the aeolian erosion as it was highly eroded as a result of the impact of the particles emitted from the upstream pile. The emissions of the two consecutive stockpiles were greater than twice the emissions from an isolated stockpile for both orientations. Additionally, emissions were lower for configurations in which the piles were perpendicular. |
2020Journal Article ER5 Auteurs : Ferreira, Maria Clara S.; Furieri, Bruno; Morais, Cristina L.; Stocco, Jamily F.; Jr, Neyval C. Reis; Harion, Jean-Luc; Santos, Jane Meri Experimental and numerical investigation of building effects on wind erosion of a granular material stockpile In: Environmental Science and Pollution Research, no. 27, pp. 36013–36026, 2020, (ACL). Links @article{FER082020,
title = {Experimental and numerical investigation of building effects on wind erosion of a granular material stockpile},
author = {Maria Clara S. Ferreira and Bruno Furieri and Cristina L. Morais and Jamily F. Stocco and Neyval C. Reis Jr and Jean-Luc Harion and Jane Meri Santos},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10202-7},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-08-01},
journal = {Environmental Science and Pollution Research},
number = {27},
pages = {36013–36026},
note = {ACL},
keywords = {ER5},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
2020Conference ER5 Auteurs : Carbone, Giovanni; Martinat, Guillaume; Farcy, Dominique; Harion, Jean-Luc Aerodynamic investigation of a 3.5:1 prolate spheroid AIAA AVIATION 2020 FORUM, VIRTUAL EVENT (Reno), United States, 2020, (ACTI). Abstract | Links @conference{doi:10.2514/6.2020-3053,
title = {Aerodynamic investigation of a 3.5:1 prolate spheroid},
author = {Giovanni Carbone and Guillaume Martinat and Dominique Farcy and Jean-Luc Harion},
url = {https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/abs/10.2514/6.2020-3053},
doi = {10.2514/6.2020-3053},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-06-08},
urldate = {2020-06-08},
booktitle = {AIAA AVIATION 2020 FORUM},
address = {VIRTUAL EVENT (Reno), United States},
abstract = {Experimental measurements, steady (RANS) and unsteady (URANS) numerical simulations are performed on a 3.5:1 prolate spheroid at angles of attack from 0° to 90°. The Reynolds number considered is Re_L=2.57*10^6, corresponding to the wind tunnel conditions. CFD simulations are performed with OpenFOAM, using the k-omega SST and the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence models. Analyses of aerodynamic coefficients and surface pressure show a good agreement between CFD simulations and experimental results. The turbulent structures in the wake of the spheroid have a complex topology, strongly dependent on the angle of attack considered. Results of URANS simulations allow to identify turbulent structures that are steady and asymmetric at low angles of attack, symmetric and unsteady at higher values. The configuration at AoA=90° is the most complex with the presence of disorganized and unstable structures.},
note = {ACTI},
keywords = {ER5},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Experimental measurements, steady (RANS) and unsteady (URANS) numerical simulations are performed on a 3.5:1 prolate spheroid at angles of attack from 0° to 90°. The Reynolds number considered is Re_L=2.57*10^6, corresponding to the wind tunnel conditions. CFD simulations are performed with OpenFOAM, using the k-omega SST and the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence models. Analyses of aerodynamic coefficients and surface pressure show a good agreement between CFD simulations and experimental results. The turbulent structures in the wake of the spheroid have a complex topology, strongly dependent on the angle of attack considered. Results of URANS simulations allow to identify turbulent structures that are steady and asymmetric at low angles of attack, symmetric and unsteady at higher values. The configuration at AoA=90° is the most complex with the presence of disorganized and unstable structures. |
2019Journal Article ER5 Auteurs : Ferreira, M C S; Furieri, B; A., Ould El Moctar; Harion, Jean-Luc; Valance, A; Dupont, P; Reis, N C; Santos, J M A simple model to estimate emission of wind-blown particles from a granular bed in comparison to wind tunnel experiments In: Geomorphology, vol. 335, pp. 1 - 13, 2019, ISSN: 0169-555X, (ACL). Abstract | Links @article{Ferreira.etal2019,
title = {A simple model to estimate emission of wind-blown particles from a granular bed in comparison to wind tunnel experiments},
author = {M C S Ferreira and B Furieri and Ould El Moctar A. and Jean-Luc Harion and A Valance and P Dupont and N C Reis and J M Santos},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169555X1930090X},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.03.004},
issn = {0169-555X},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Geomorphology},
volume = {335},
pages = {1 - 13},
abstract = {Dust emissions due to aeolian erosion of exposed granular materials are strongly influenced by grain size distribution. Non-erodible particles that are too heavy to be lifted into the air play a protective role in the aeolian erosion process attenuating emission, which is known as the pavement phenomenon. To date, there is no approach that reliably predicts the reduction in emissions caused by their presence on an aggregate surface. In this work, an analytical model was developed to quantify emissions from particle beds with a wide size distribution. As non-erodible particles accumulate, changes in surface characteristics create increasing shelter for the erodible portion of the bed until the shear on the erodible surface reaches a minimum and emissions cease. The proposed emission model describes the relationship between this minimum value of wind shear and the eroded depth of the bed after the pavement, which in turn gives the emitted mass. In addition, wind tunnel experiments were carried out in order to broaden knowledge of the pavement phenomenon and validate the modelling. A bimodal particle size distribution of sand with erodible and non-erodible particles was used for the tested velocities. Three experimental measurements were carried out: (i) continuous weighing of the emitted mass, (ii) eroded depth of the bed at regular time intervals and (iii) final cover rates of the non-erodible particles using digital analysis of sand bed pictures after experiments. Good agreement between the modelling and experimental results was found. The emission model proposed herein is a simple algebraic expression that demands low computational effort. This approach may serve as a base for an emission model for application in granular materials stockpiles.},
note = {ACL},
keywords = {ER5},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Dust emissions due to aeolian erosion of exposed granular materials are strongly influenced by grain size distribution. Non-erodible particles that are too heavy to be lifted into the air play a protective role in the aeolian erosion process attenuating emission, which is known as the pavement phenomenon. To date, there is no approach that reliably predicts the reduction in emissions caused by their presence on an aggregate surface. In this work, an analytical model was developed to quantify emissions from particle beds with a wide size distribution. As non-erodible particles accumulate, changes in surface characteristics create increasing shelter for the erodible portion of the bed until the shear on the erodible surface reaches a minimum and emissions cease. The proposed emission model describes the relationship between this minimum value of wind shear and the eroded depth of the bed after the pavement, which in turn gives the emitted mass. In addition, wind tunnel experiments were carried out in order to broaden knowledge of the pavement phenomenon and validate the modelling. A bimodal particle size distribution of sand with erodible and non-erodible particles was used for the tested velocities. Three experimental measurements were carried out: (i) continuous weighing of the emitted mass, (ii) eroded depth of the bed at regular time intervals and (iii) final cover rates of the non-erodible particles using digital analysis of sand bed pictures after experiments. Good agreement between the modelling and experimental results was found. The emission model proposed herein is a simple algebraic expression that demands low computational effort. This approach may serve as a base for an emission model for application in granular materials stockpiles. |
2019Journal Article ER5 Auteurs : Subramaniam, V; Dbouk, T; Harion, Jean-Luc Topology optimization of conjugate heat transfer systems: A competition between heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop reduction In: International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, vol. 75, pp. 165 - 184, 2019, ISSN: 0142-727X, (ACL). Abstract | Links @article{Subramaniam.etal2019,
title = {Topology optimization of conjugate heat transfer systems: A competition between heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop reduction},
author = {V Subramaniam and T Dbouk and Jean-Luc Harion},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142727X18311342},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2019.01.002},
issn = {0142-727X},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow},
volume = {75},
pages = {165 - 184},
abstract = {Topology optimization method is developed for a multi-objective function combining pressure drop reduction and thermal power maximization (incompressible flows at low to moderate Reynolds numbers). Innovative optimal designs are obtained, discussed and presented on a Pareto-frontier. The numerical developments (continuous adjoint technique) have been conducted inside an open source CFD platform via the finite volume method. Comparisons have been presented with an optimal design obtained by a Lattice Boltzmann Method from the literature. Finally, this contribution presents and discuss several detailed numerical vitrification steps which are essential to be conducted in topology optimization method when applied with multi-objective functions.},
note = {ACL},
keywords = {ER5},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Topology optimization method is developed for a multi-objective function combining pressure drop reduction and thermal power maximization (incompressible flows at low to moderate Reynolds numbers). Innovative optimal designs are obtained, discussed and presented on a Pareto-frontier. The numerical developments (continuous adjoint technique) have been conducted inside an open source CFD platform via the finite volume method. Comparisons have been presented with an optimal design obtained by a Lattice Boltzmann Method from the literature. Finally, this contribution presents and discuss several detailed numerical vitrification steps which are essential to be conducted in topology optimization method when applied with multi-objective functions. |
2019Journal Article ER5 Auteurs : Carbone, Giovanni; Martinat, Guillaume; Farcy, Dominique; Harion, Jean-Luc Added Masses of generic shape bodies interacting with external walls In: Aerospace Science and Technology, vol. 90, pp. 70 - 84, 2019, ISSN: 1270-9638, (ACL). Abstract | Links @article{Carbone.etal2019,
title = {Added Masses of generic shape bodies interacting with external walls},
author = {Giovanni Carbone and Guillaume Martinat and Dominique Farcy and Jean-Luc Harion},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1270963819304754},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2019.04.035},
issn = {1270-9638},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Aerospace Science and Technology},
volume = {90},
pages = {70 - 84},
abstract = {The aim of this paper is to propose an efficient method to evaluate the Added Masses of generic shape bodies in infinite fluid or in the proximity of external walls. The Added Masses (AM) are the result of the inertial reaction of the fluid in response to an accelerated movement of a body immersed in it. The AM effects are more evident when the body density is similar to that of the surrounding fluid, as in the case of airships. In the take-off or landing phases, the proximity to the ground causes an increase in the Added Masses that must be correctly estimated to properly size the airship controls. In our method, the calculation of the Added Masses matrix is carried out by the Boundary Element Method (BEM). To verify the accuracy of the results, the study cases are based on simple shapes, whose Added Masses are well known. The analyses in infinite fluid and in the presence of a flat wall are carried out. Numerical results are compared to the theoretical values found in literature. The calculated Added Masses are intrinsically dependent on the mesh definition and the relative error, referred to the theoretical values, depends on the surface and volume discretization. In the case of interaction between geometries with complex shapes, the influence on the Added Masses is very difficult to predict without a numerical approach. The method proposed gives a good compromise in terms of quality of results and computational cost.},
note = {ACL},
keywords = {ER5},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The aim of this paper is to propose an efficient method to evaluate the Added Masses of generic shape bodies in infinite fluid or in the proximity of external walls. The Added Masses (AM) are the result of the inertial reaction of the fluid in response to an accelerated movement of a body immersed in it. The AM effects are more evident when the body density is similar to that of the surrounding fluid, as in the case of airships. In the take-off or landing phases, the proximity to the ground causes an increase in the Added Masses that must be correctly estimated to properly size the airship controls. In our method, the calculation of the Added Masses matrix is carried out by the Boundary Element Method (BEM). To verify the accuracy of the results, the study cases are based on simple shapes, whose Added Masses are well known. The analyses in infinite fluid and in the presence of a flat wall are carried out. Numerical results are compared to the theoretical values found in literature. The calculated Added Masses are intrinsically dependent on the mesh definition and the relative error, referred to the theoretical values, depends on the surface and volume discretization. In the case of interaction between geometries with complex shapes, the influence on the Added Masses is very difficult to predict without a numerical approach. The method proposed gives a good compromise in terms of quality of results and computational cost. |
2019Conference ER5 Auteurs : Harion, Jean-Luc; Donze, S Modélisation de trempe thermique du verre dans l'industrie verrière des arts de la table Congrès Français de Mécanique, 2019, (ACTN). Abstract | Links @conference{Harion.Donze2019a,
title = {Modélisation de trempe thermique du verre dans l'industrie verrière des arts de la table},
author = {Jean-Luc Harion and S Donze},
doi = {https://cfm2019.sciencesconf.org/270918},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
booktitle = {Congrès Français de Mécanique},
abstract = {Dans les marchés liés aux arts de la table, pour lesquels ARC est un des leaders mondiaux, les articles en verre trempés représentent une part très significative des volumes de production et des ventes. Une attention particulière et une constante innovation sont donc dédiées à cette phase particulière du process verrier. En termes de production, l'exigence accrue des cahiers des charges clients, de qualité de production, mais aussi de limitation de l'impact environnemental, nécessitent une maîtrise accrue et des connaissances plus fines et précises du process. En parallèle d'études et de recherches menées sur bancs expérimentaux spécifiques et de tests sur chaînes de production, la modélisation numérique représente un outil central d'investigation et de recherche. La trempe du verre est un process largement utilisé et déployé depuis de nombreuses années dans l'industrie verrière. Elle fait intervenir un nombre significatif de paramètres physiques et physico-chimiques tels que notamment les configurations géométriques, la thermique de refroidissement et de chauffage, ou encore la composition du verre. L'analyse bibliographique sur la modélisation de la trempe du verre fait apparaître plusieurs points clés de développement pour une utilisation dimensionnante et prédictive dans l'industrie verrière des arts de la table. La bibliographie est quasi-exclusivement dédié au verre plat et le refroidissement est quasi-exclusivement simulé par des coefficients de transfert imposés uniformément en surfaces. Les productions dans l'industrie des arts de la table sont très fortement tridimensionnelles, tant en géométries qu'en répartitions d'épaisseurs et les systèmes de refroidissement sont loin de produire des transferts pouvant raisonnablement être modélisés par des coefficients de transfert constants et uniformément répartis. Ainsi des modélisations intégrant des géométries réalistes et un couplage conducto-convectif représentant les systèmes de refroidissement ont été mises en œuvre. Cette communication illustre la nécessité de cette démarche pour développer des modèles prédictifs.},
note = {ACTN},
keywords = {ER5},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Dans les marchés liés aux arts de la table, pour lesquels ARC est un des leaders mondiaux, les articles en verre trempés représentent une part très significative des volumes de production et des ventes. Une attention particulière et une constante innovation sont donc dédiées à cette phase particulière du process verrier. En termes de production, l'exigence accrue des cahiers des charges clients, de qualité de production, mais aussi de limitation de l'impact environnemental, nécessitent une maîtrise accrue et des connaissances plus fines et précises du process. En parallèle d'études et de recherches menées sur bancs expérimentaux spécifiques et de tests sur chaînes de production, la modélisation numérique représente un outil central d'investigation et de recherche. La trempe du verre est un process largement utilisé et déployé depuis de nombreuses années dans l'industrie verrière. Elle fait intervenir un nombre significatif de paramètres physiques et physico-chimiques tels que notamment les configurations géométriques, la thermique de refroidissement et de chauffage, ou encore la composition du verre. L'analyse bibliographique sur la modélisation de la trempe du verre fait apparaître plusieurs points clés de développement pour une utilisation dimensionnante et prédictive dans l'industrie verrière des arts de la table. La bibliographie est quasi-exclusivement dédié au verre plat et le refroidissement est quasi-exclusivement simulé par des coefficients de transfert imposés uniformément en surfaces. Les productions dans l'industrie des arts de la table sont très fortement tridimensionnelles, tant en géométries qu'en répartitions d'épaisseurs et les systèmes de refroidissement sont loin de produire des transferts pouvant raisonnablement être modélisés par des coefficients de transfert constants et uniformément répartis. Ainsi des modélisations intégrant des géométries réalistes et un couplage conducto-convectif représentant les systèmes de refroidissement ont été mises en œuvre. Cette communication illustre la nécessité de cette démarche pour développer des modèles prédictifs. |
2019Conference ER5 Auteurs : Harion, Jean-Luc; Donze, S Modélisations multi-physiques dans l’industrie verrière des arts de la table, illustrations de quelques points clés Journée CARNOT, Les défis du verre vert, Paris, 2019, (COM). Links @conference{Harion.Donze2019b,
title = {Modélisations multi-physiques dans l’industrie verrière des arts de la table, illustrations de quelques points clés},
author = {Jean-Luc Harion and S Donze},
doi = {https://cfm2019.sciencesconf.org/270918},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
booktitle = {Journée CARNOT, Les défis du verre vert, Paris},
note = {COM},
keywords = {ER5},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
|
2019Conference ER5 Auteurs : Donze, S; Harion, Jean-Luc Modélisation de la génération de contraintes lors de la trempe du verre Les Journées Révelor, Vers la Transition Vitreuse et au-delà, 2019, (COM). Abstract | Links @conference{Donze.Harion2019,
title = {Modélisation de la génération de contraintes lors de la trempe du verre},
author = {S Donze and Jean-Luc Harion},
doi = {https://cfm2019.sciencesconf.org/270918},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
booktitle = {Les Journées Révelor, Vers la Transition Vitreuse et au-delà},
abstract = {Les articles en verre trempés représentent une part très significative en volumes de production et de vente sur les marchés liés aux arts de la table, pour lesquels ARC est un des leaders mondiaux. En termes de production, l’exigence accrue des cahiers des charges clients, de qualité de production, mais aussi de limitation de l’impact environnemental, nécessite une maîtrise accrue et des connaissances plus fines et précises du process. Ainsi, une attention très particulière est portée par ARC à cette phase particulière du procédé verrier et une constante innovation est apportée pour améliorer ses performances.
En parallèle d’études et de recherches menées sur bancs expérimentaux spécifiques et de tests sur chaînes de production, la modélisation numérique représente un outil central d’investigation et de recherche.
La trempe du verre fait intervenir un nombre significatif de paramètres physiques et physico-chimiques tels que notamment les configurations géométriques, la thermique de refroidissement et de chauffage, ou encore la composition du verre.
L’analyse bibliographique sur la modélisation de la trempe du verre fait apparaître plusieurs points clés de développement pour une utilisation dimensionnante et prédictive dans l’industrie verrière des arts de la table :
- Prise en compte et analyse détaillée des effets tridimensionnels. Les productions dans l’industrie des arts de la table sont très fortement tridimensionnelles, tant en géométries qu’en répartitions d’épaisseurs. L’évolution des designs va dans le sens d’une accentuation de ce point.
- Couplage conducto-convectif. Les conditions limites prises en compte dans la bibliographie portent quasi-exclusivement sur des coefficients de transfert imposés uniformément en surface. Les systèmes de refroidissement sont loin de produire réellement ce type de condition limite thermique.
- Optimisation. Au-delà du dimensionnement et des enjeux de production rappelés précédemment, la modélisation permet de mettre en place des boucles de calculs afin d’optimiser une fonction objectif donnée.
- Validations et vérifications expérimentales des contraintes produites. Les mesures de contraintes dans les verres trempés, notamment en configurations fortement tridimensionnelles représentent également un enjeu important notamment pour disposer d’outil de vérification et validation des modèles.},
note = {COM},
keywords = {ER5},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Les articles en verre trempés représentent une part très significative en volumes de production et de vente sur les marchés liés aux arts de la table, pour lesquels ARC est un des leaders mondiaux. En termes de production, l’exigence accrue des cahiers des charges clients, de qualité de production, mais aussi de limitation de l’impact environnemental, nécessite une maîtrise accrue et des connaissances plus fines et précises du process. Ainsi, une attention très particulière est portée par ARC à cette phase particulière du procédé verrier et une constante innovation est apportée pour améliorer ses performances.
En parallèle d’études et de recherches menées sur bancs expérimentaux spécifiques et de tests sur chaînes de production, la modélisation numérique représente un outil central d’investigation et de recherche.
La trempe du verre fait intervenir un nombre significatif de paramètres physiques et physico-chimiques tels que notamment les configurations géométriques, la thermique de refroidissement et de chauffage, ou encore la composition du verre.
L’analyse bibliographique sur la modélisation de la trempe du verre fait apparaître plusieurs points clés de développement pour une utilisation dimensionnante et prédictive dans l’industrie verrière des arts de la table :
- Prise en compte et analyse détaillée des effets tridimensionnels. Les productions dans l’industrie des arts de la table sont très fortement tridimensionnelles, tant en géométries qu’en répartitions d’épaisseurs. L’évolution des designs va dans le sens d’une accentuation de ce point.
- Couplage conducto-convectif. Les conditions limites prises en compte dans la bibliographie portent quasi-exclusivement sur des coefficients de transfert imposés uniformément en surface. Les systèmes de refroidissement sont loin de produire réellement ce type de condition limite thermique.
- Optimisation. Au-delà du dimensionnement et des enjeux de production rappelés précédemment, la modélisation permet de mettre en place des boucles de calculs afin d’optimiser une fonction objectif donnée.
- Validations et vérifications expérimentales des contraintes produites. Les mesures de contraintes dans les verres trempés, notamment en configurations fortement tridimensionnelles représentent également un enjeu important notamment pour disposer d’outil de vérification et validation des modèles. |