2022Journal Article ER4 Auteurs : Girod, Vincent; Houssier, Robin; Sahmer, Karin; Ghoris, Marie-José; Caby, Stéphanie; Melnyk, Oleg; Dissous, Colette; Senez, Vincent; Vicogne, Jérôme A self-purifying microfluidic system for identifying drugs acting against adult schistosomes In: Royal Society Open Science, vol. 9, no. 11, 2022, (ACL). Links @article{girod:hal-03881273,
title = {A self-purifying microfluidic system for identifying drugs acting against adult schistosomes},
author = {Vincent Girod and Robin Houssier and Karin Sahmer and Marie-José Ghoris and Stéphanie Caby and Oleg Melnyk and Colette Dissous and Vincent Senez and Jérôme Vicogne},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03881273},
doi = {10.1098/rsos.220648},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-11-01},
urldate = {2022-11-01},
journal = {Royal Society Open Science},
volume = {9},
number = {11},
publisher = {The Royal Society},
note = {ACL},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
2020Journal Article ER4 Auteurs : Bidar, Géraldine; Pelfrêne, Aurélie; Schwartz, Christophe; Waterlot, Christophe; Sahmer, Karin; Marot, Franck; Douay, Francis Urban kitchen gardens: Effect of the soil contamination and parameters on the trace element accumulation in vegetables – A review In: Science of the Total Environment, vol. 738, pp. 139569, 2020, (ACL). Abstract @article{Bidar2020,
title = {Urban kitchen gardens: Effect of the soil contamination and parameters on the trace element accumulation in vegetables – A review},
author = {Géraldine Bidar and Aurélie Pelfrêne and Christophe Schwartz and Christophe Waterlot and Karin Sahmer and Franck Marot and Francis Douay},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
volume = {738},
pages = {139569},
abstract = {Trace element contaminants in kitchen garden soils can contribute
to human exposure through the consumption of homegrown vegetables.
In urban areas, these soils can be contaminated to various degrees
by trace element (TE). They are characterized by a great variability
in their physicochemical parameters due to the high anthropization
level, the wide variety and combination of disturbance sources, aswell
as the diversity of cultivation practices and the large range of
contamination levels. Pollutants can be taken up by vegetables cultivated
in these soils and be concentrated in their edible parts. In this
review, the behavior of vegetables cultivated in contaminated kitchen
gardens is assessed through six examples of the most widely cultivated
vegetables (lettuce, tomato, bean, carrot, radish, potato). The role
of soil parameters that could influence the uptake of As, Cd, Cr,
Ni, Pb, and Zn by these vegetables is also discussed.},
note = {ACL},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Trace element contaminants in kitchen garden soils can contribute
to human exposure through the consumption of homegrown vegetables.
In urban areas, these soils can be contaminated to various degrees
by trace element (TE). They are characterized by a great variability
in their physicochemical parameters due to the high anthropization
level, the wide variety and combination of disturbance sources, aswell
as the diversity of cultivation practices and the large range of
contamination levels. Pollutants can be taken up by vegetables cultivated
in these soils and be concentrated in their edible parts. In this
review, the behavior of vegetables cultivated in contaminated kitchen
gardens is assessed through six examples of the most widely cultivated
vegetables (lettuce, tomato, bean, carrot, radish, potato). The role
of soil parameters that could influence the uptake of As, Cd, Cr,
Ni, Pb, and Zn by these vegetables is also discussed. |
2020Journal Article ER4 Auteurs : Pelfrêne, Aurélie; Sahmer, Karin; Waterlot, Christophe; Glorennec, Philippe; Douay, Francis; Le-Bot, Barbara Evaluation of single-extraction methods to estimate the oral bioaccessibility of metal(loid)s in soils In: Science of the Total Environment, vol. 727, pp. 138553, 2020, (ACL). Abstract @article{Pelfrene2020,
title = {Evaluation of single-extraction methods to estimate the oral bioaccessibility of metal(loid)s in soils},
author = {Aurélie Pelfrêne and Karin Sahmer and Christophe Waterlot and Philippe Glorennec and Francis Douay and Barbara Le-Bot},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
volume = {727},
pages = {138553},
abstract = {Incidental ingestion of polluted soil particles exposes the population
to toxic metal(loid)s. To refine the methods of exposure and risk
assessment, it is relevant to use bioaccessible concentrations of
metal(loid)s determined via in vitro digestion methods. However,
some validated methods are complex and costly, involving high technical
skills and numerous reagents. The objective of the present study
was to evaluate the suitability of four simple chemical extractions
to mimic the bioaccessible fraction of As, Cd, and Pb in the gastric
(G) and gastrointestinal (GI) phases obtained using the validated
UBM (unified bioaccessibility method) test. Acetic acid (0.11 M),
citric acid (0.11M), EDTA (0.16 M), and hydrochloric acid (HCl, 0.65%)were
separately tested in 201 soil sampleswith a wide range of physicochemical
parameters and metal(loid)s concentrations. Significant linear relationships
were observed with HCl, EDTA, and to a lesser extent with citric
acid. For the cheaper HCl method, correlations with the UBM ranged
from 0.91 to 0.99 for the G phase and from 0.72 to 0.97 for the GI
phase. This test can be used at least as a first-tier screening to
assess the oral bioaccessibility of As, Cd, and Pb.},
note = {ACL},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Incidental ingestion of polluted soil particles exposes the population
to toxic metal(loid)s. To refine the methods of exposure and risk
assessment, it is relevant to use bioaccessible concentrations of
metal(loid)s determined via in vitro digestion methods. However,
some validated methods are complex and costly, involving high technical
skills and numerous reagents. The objective of the present study
was to evaluate the suitability of four simple chemical extractions
to mimic the bioaccessible fraction of As, Cd, and Pb in the gastric
(G) and gastrointestinal (GI) phases obtained using the validated
UBM (unified bioaccessibility method) test. Acetic acid (0.11 M),
citric acid (0.11M), EDTA (0.16 M), and hydrochloric acid (HCl, 0.65%)were
separately tested in 201 soil sampleswith a wide range of physicochemical
parameters and metal(loid)s concentrations. Significant linear relationships
were observed with HCl, EDTA, and to a lesser extent with citric
acid. For the cheaper HCl method, correlations with the UBM ranged
from 0.91 to 0.99 for the G phase and from 0.72 to 0.97 for the GI
phase. This test can be used at least as a first-tier screening to
assess the oral bioaccessibility of As, Cd, and Pb. |
2019Conference ER4 Auteurs : Pelfrêne, Aurélie; Le-Bot, Barbara; Waterlot, Christophe; Glorennec, Philippe; Sahmer, Karin; Douay, Francis Evaluation of four first tier methods to measure metal(loid) bioaccessibility in polluted soils SETAC Europe, 29th Annual meeting, 26-30 May 2019, Helsinki (Finland), 2019, (ACTI). @conference{Pelfrene2019a,
title = {Evaluation of four first tier methods to measure metal(loid) bioaccessibility in polluted soils},
author = {Aurélie Pelfrêne and Barbara Le-Bot and Christophe Waterlot and Philippe Glorennec and Karin Sahmer and Francis Douay},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
booktitle = {SETAC Europe, 29th Annual meeting, 26-30 May 2019, Helsinki (Finland)},
note = {ACTI},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
|
2019Journal Article ER4 Auteurs : Pelfrêne, Aurélie; Sahmer, Karin; Grard, Olivier; Heyman, Christophe; Douay, Francis Exposition des jardiniers urbains dans un contexte industrialisé – Aspects méthodologiques In: Techniques de l’ingénieur, vol. 10 novembre 2019, no. GE1016 V1, pp. 17pp, 2019, (OV). Abstract @article{Pelfrene2019c,
title = {Exposition des jardiniers urbains dans un contexte industrialisé – Aspects méthodologiques},
author = {Aurélie Pelfrêne and Karin Sahmer and Olivier Grard and Christophe Heyman and Francis Douay},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Techniques de l’ingénieur},
volume = {10 novembre 2019},
number = {GE1016 V1},
pages = {17pp},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION Jusqu’à récemment le jardinage avait souvent pour vocation
principale de subvenir aux besoins alimentaires. De nos jours, les
motivations des jardiniers sont beaucoup plus variées. Outre la production
de fruits et légumes de qualité, le jardin joue aussi un rôle social
et de support de biodiversité fortement dépendant des pratiques associées
au jardinage (e.g. utilisation ou non de pesticides, intensité du
travail du sol, maintien d’habitats annexes favorables). Si le jardinage
est effectué le plus souvent en milieu rural, il se pratique de plus
en plus en milieux périurbain et urbain et peut être qualifié « d’agriculture
urbaine ». Se pose alors la question de la qualité des sols et des
productions cultivées au regard de pollutions potentielles résultant
des activités humaines actuelles et/ou passées (chauffage urbain,
circulation automobile, activités industrielles, apports de terre/remblais…).
D’une façon générale, les connaissances sur les jardins potagers
restent insuffisantes au regard de leur nombre élevé, de la diversité
de leurs contextes environnementaux, des modes de gouvernance, des
pratiques culturales et de consommation, de la complexité des réglementations
relatives à ces espaces, privatifs ou pas, et à ces productions.
L’objectif de cet article est de présenter un retour d’expérience
sur une démarche menée, en partenariat avec les services sanitaires,
dans une portion de l’ancien bassin minier du Nord-Pas-de-Calais,
région densément peuplée et avec un lourd passé industriel. La démarche,
transférable à d’autres contextes environnementaux, visait à mieux
connaître les jardins majoritairement privatifs. Elle s’étend depuis
l’étude historique du site jusqu’à la restitution auprès des jardiniers
des données acquises. Ces connaissances sont destinées à alimenter
les réflexions sur la gestion des potagers urbains en apportant des
arguments scientifiques et techniques sur les quantités produites
et consommées, les pratiques culturales des jardiniers, l’aptitude
des fruits et légumes autoproduits à accumuler des polluants métalliques.
Elles sont aussi le support de réflexions destinées à réduire l’exposition
aux polluants métalliques des jardiniers et de leur famille en lien
avec le jardinage.},
note = {OV},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
INTRODUCTION Jusqu’à récemment le jardinage avait souvent pour vocation
principale de subvenir aux besoins alimentaires. De nos jours, les
motivations des jardiniers sont beaucoup plus variées. Outre la production
de fruits et légumes de qualité, le jardin joue aussi un rôle social
et de support de biodiversité fortement dépendant des pratiques associées
au jardinage (e.g. utilisation ou non de pesticides, intensité du
travail du sol, maintien d’habitats annexes favorables). Si le jardinage
est effectué le plus souvent en milieu rural, il se pratique de plus
en plus en milieux périurbain et urbain et peut être qualifié « d’agriculture
urbaine ». Se pose alors la question de la qualité des sols et des
productions cultivées au regard de pollutions potentielles résultant
des activités humaines actuelles et/ou passées (chauffage urbain,
circulation automobile, activités industrielles, apports de terre/remblais…).
D’une façon générale, les connaissances sur les jardins potagers
restent insuffisantes au regard de leur nombre élevé, de la diversité
de leurs contextes environnementaux, des modes de gouvernance, des
pratiques culturales et de consommation, de la complexité des réglementations
relatives à ces espaces, privatifs ou pas, et à ces productions.
L’objectif de cet article est de présenter un retour d’expérience
sur une démarche menée, en partenariat avec les services sanitaires,
dans une portion de l’ancien bassin minier du Nord-Pas-de-Calais,
région densément peuplée et avec un lourd passé industriel. La démarche,
transférable à d’autres contextes environnementaux, visait à mieux
connaître les jardins majoritairement privatifs. Elle s’étend depuis
l’étude historique du site jusqu’à la restitution auprès des jardiniers
des données acquises. Ces connaissances sont destinées à alimenter
les réflexions sur la gestion des potagers urbains en apportant des
arguments scientifiques et techniques sur les quantités produites
et consommées, les pratiques culturales des jardiniers, l’aptitude
des fruits et légumes autoproduits à accumuler des polluants métalliques.
Elles sont aussi le support de réflexions destinées à réduire l’exposition
aux polluants métalliques des jardiniers et de leur famille en lien
avec le jardinage. |
2019Journal Article ER4 Auteurs : Pelfrêne, Aurélie; Sahmer, Karin; Waterlot, Christophe; Douay, Francis From environmental data acquisition to assessment of gardeners' exposure: feedback in an urban context highly contaminated with metals In: Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 26, no. 20, pp. 20107-20120, 2019, (ACL). Abstract @article{Pelfrene2019d,
title = {From environmental data acquisition to assessment of gardeners' exposure: feedback in an urban context highly contaminated with metals},
author = {Aurélie Pelfrêne and Karin Sahmer and Christophe Waterlot and Francis Douay},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Environmental Science and Pollution Research},
volume = {26},
number = {20},
pages = {20107-20120},
abstract = {Although growing vegetables in urban gardens has several benefits,
some questions in relation with the safety of foods remain when the
self-production is carried out on highly contaminated garden soils.
To better assess the local population's exposure to Cd and Pb induced
by the past activities of a lead smelter, a participatory program
was initiated in 115 private kitchen gardens located in northern
France to assist gardeners in understanding their soil environment.
The challenge included contributing to the database of urban garden
soils with the collection of a large number of samples: 1525 crops
grouped into 12 types (leaf, fruiting, root, stem and bulbous vegetables,
tubers, cabbages, leguminous plants, celeriac, fresh herbs, fruits,
and berries), 708 topsoils, and 52 samples of self-produced compost.
The main results were as follows: (i) topsoils were strongly contaminated
by Cd and Pb compared to regional reference values; (ii) great variability
in physicochemical parameters and metal concentrations in topsoils;
(iii) the highest concentrations of Cd and Pb for celeriac and fresh
herbs and the lowest for fruits and fruiting vegetables; (iv) a high
percentage of vegetables that did not comply with the European foodstuff
legislation; and (v) most self-produced compost samples were strongly
contaminated. This study aimed to raise awareness and generate functional
recommendations to reduce human exposure and to provide useful data
that could be considered in other environmental contexts.},
note = {ACL},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Although growing vegetables in urban gardens has several benefits,
some questions in relation with the safety of foods remain when the
self-production is carried out on highly contaminated garden soils.
To better assess the local population's exposure to Cd and Pb induced
by the past activities of a lead smelter, a participatory program
was initiated in 115 private kitchen gardens located in northern
France to assist gardeners in understanding their soil environment.
The challenge included contributing to the database of urban garden
soils with the collection of a large number of samples: 1525 crops
grouped into 12 types (leaf, fruiting, root, stem and bulbous vegetables,
tubers, cabbages, leguminous plants, celeriac, fresh herbs, fruits,
and berries), 708 topsoils, and 52 samples of self-produced compost.
The main results were as follows: (i) topsoils were strongly contaminated
by Cd and Pb compared to regional reference values; (ii) great variability
in physicochemical parameters and metal concentrations in topsoils;
(iii) the highest concentrations of Cd and Pb for celeriac and fresh
herbs and the lowest for fruits and fruiting vegetables; (iv) a high
percentage of vegetables that did not comply with the European foodstuff
legislation; and (v) most self-produced compost samples were strongly
contaminated. This study aimed to raise awareness and generate functional
recommendations to reduce human exposure and to provide useful data
that could be considered in other environmental contexts. |
2019Conference ER4 Auteurs : Sahmer, Karin; Deweer, Caroline; Muchembled, Jérôme Proposition d’un test de permutation dans le cadre d’une régression non linéaire pour l’évaluation de néo-fongicides Séminaire de statistiques et économétrie du LEM, 19 juin 2019, Villeneuve d’Ascq, Campus du Pont-de-Bois, 2019, (COM). Abstract @conference{Sahmer2019,
title = {Proposition d’un test de permutation dans le cadre d’une régression non linéaire pour l’évaluation de néo-fongicides},
author = {Karin Sahmer and Caroline Deweer and Jérôme Muchembled},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
booktitle = {Séminaire de statistiques et économétrie du LEM, 19 juin 2019, Villeneuve d’Ascq, Campus du Pont-de-Bois},
abstract = {Les plantes cultivées sont régulièrement impactées par des champignons
phytopathogènes qui peuvent causer des pertes quantitatives et qualitatives.
Si l’utilisation de fongicides chimiques reste la réponse principale,
de nouveaux fongicides bio-sourcés apparaissent sur le marché du
biocontrôle ou sont en cours de développement grâce à une profonde
attente sociétale (respect de l’environnement, développement de l’agriculture
biologique, ...) et politique (plan Ecophyto2025, rapport agriculture
innovations 2025, ...). L’évaluation de ces bio-fongicides nécessite
d’optimiser les méthodes d’évaluations biologiques et statistiques.
Ainsi, pour estimer et comparer au laboratoire l’efficacité de bio-fongicides,
des essais en microplaques ou en boîtes de Pétri sont réalisés in
vitro sur des champignons pathogènes de plantes. L’efficacité des
bio-fongicides est évaluée par le calcul d’un indicateur de type
CI 50 (la concentration d’inhibition à 50%) grâce à une régression
non linéaire dans laquelle la CI 50 est un des paramètres estimés.
Pour comparer les CI 50 , deux modèles sont ajustés, l’un avec des
CI 50 dépendant du bio-fongicide, l’autre avec la même CI 50 pour
tous les bio-fongicides. Un test F est utilisé pour comparer ces
modèles. Les conditions d’application de ce test étant questionnables,
une procédure de permutation adaptée au modèle est proposée pour
le calcul de la p-value ainsi qu’une procédure bootstrap pour le
calcul d’intervalles de confiance.},
note = {COM},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Les plantes cultivées sont régulièrement impactées par des champignons
phytopathogènes qui peuvent causer des pertes quantitatives et qualitatives.
Si l’utilisation de fongicides chimiques reste la réponse principale,
de nouveaux fongicides bio-sourcés apparaissent sur le marché du
biocontrôle ou sont en cours de développement grâce à une profonde
attente sociétale (respect de l’environnement, développement de l’agriculture
biologique, ...) et politique (plan Ecophyto2025, rapport agriculture
innovations 2025, ...). L’évaluation de ces bio-fongicides nécessite
d’optimiser les méthodes d’évaluations biologiques et statistiques.
Ainsi, pour estimer et comparer au laboratoire l’efficacité de bio-fongicides,
des essais en microplaques ou en boîtes de Pétri sont réalisés in
vitro sur des champignons pathogènes de plantes. L’efficacité des
bio-fongicides est évaluée par le calcul d’un indicateur de type
CI 50 (la concentration d’inhibition à 50%) grâce à une régression
non linéaire dans laquelle la CI 50 est un des paramètres estimés.
Pour comparer les CI 50 , deux modèles sont ajustés, l’un avec des
CI 50 dépendant du bio-fongicide, l’autre avec la même CI 50 pour
tous les bio-fongicides. Un test F est utilisé pour comparer ces
modèles. Les conditions d’application de ce test étant questionnables,
une procédure de permutation adaptée au modèle est proposée pour
le calcul de la p-value ainsi qu’une procédure bootstrap pour le
calcul d’intervalles de confiance. |
2019Journal Article ER4 Auteurs : Desmyttère, Hélène; Deweer, Caroline; Muchembled, Jérôme; Sahmer, Karin; Jacquin, Justine; Coutte, François; Jacques, Philippe Antifungal activities of Bacillus subtilis lipopeptides to two Venturia inaequalis strains possessing different tebuconazole sensitivity In: Frontiers in Microbiology, vol. 10, no. 2327, pp. 1-10, 2019, (ACL). Abstract @article{Desmyttere2019,
title = {Antifungal activities of Bacillus subtilis lipopeptides to two Venturia inaequalis strains possessing different tebuconazole sensitivity},
author = {Hélène Desmyttère and Caroline Deweer and Jérôme Muchembled and Karin Sahmer and Justine Jacquin and François Coutte and Philippe Jacques},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Frontiers in Microbiology},
volume = {10},
number = {2327},
pages = {1-10},
abstract = {Within the framework of biocontrol development, three natural substances
produced by Bacillus subtilis, called lipopeptides, have been studied:
fengycin (F), surfactin (S) and mycosubtilin (M). Their antifungal
properties were tested in vitro, in liquid medium, on two strains
of Venturia inaequalis, ascomycete fungi causing apple scab. These
two strains were respectively sensitive and less sensitive to tebuconazole,
an active substance of the triazole family. These three molecules
were tested on their own, in binary (FS, FM, SM) and ternary mixtures
(FSM). The antifungal activities of lipopeptides were estimated by
calculating an IC50, compared to tebuconazole chemical substance.
In tests involving the sensitive strain, all lipopeptide modalities
exhibited antifungal activity. However, modalities involving fengycin
and its mixtures exhibited the best antifungal activities; the activity
of fengycin alone being very similar to that of tebuconazole. Interestingly,
regarding the strain with reduced sensitivity to tebuconazole, surfactin
and fengycin alone were not efficient while mycosubtilin and the
different mixtures showed interesting antifungal activities. Specifically,
the antifungal activity of FS and FSM mixture were equivalent to
that of tebuconazole. For both fungal strains, microscopic observations
revealed important morphological modifications in the presence of
fengycin and in a less important proportion in the presence of surfactin
but not in the presence of mycosubtilin. Overall, this study highlights
the diversity in mode of action of lipopeptides on apple scab strains.},
note = {ACL},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Within the framework of biocontrol development, three natural substances
produced by Bacillus subtilis, called lipopeptides, have been studied:
fengycin (F), surfactin (S) and mycosubtilin (M). Their antifungal
properties were tested in vitro, in liquid medium, on two strains
of Venturia inaequalis, ascomycete fungi causing apple scab. These
two strains were respectively sensitive and less sensitive to tebuconazole,
an active substance of the triazole family. These three molecules
were tested on their own, in binary (FS, FM, SM) and ternary mixtures
(FSM). The antifungal activities of lipopeptides were estimated by
calculating an IC50, compared to tebuconazole chemical substance.
In tests involving the sensitive strain, all lipopeptide modalities
exhibited antifungal activity. However, modalities involving fengycin
and its mixtures exhibited the best antifungal activities; the activity
of fengycin alone being very similar to that of tebuconazole. Interestingly,
regarding the strain with reduced sensitivity to tebuconazole, surfactin
and fengycin alone were not efficient while mycosubtilin and the
different mixtures showed interesting antifungal activities. Specifically,
the antifungal activity of FS and FSM mixture were equivalent to
that of tebuconazole. For both fungal strains, microscopic observations
revealed important morphological modifications in the presence of
fengycin and in a less important proportion in the presence of surfactin
but not in the presence of mycosubtilin. Overall, this study highlights
the diversity in mode of action of lipopeptides on apple scab strains. |
2019Journal Article ER4 Auteurs : Ors, Marie-Eva; Randoux, Béatrice; Siah, Ali; Couleaud, Gilles; Maumené, Claude; Sahmer, Karin; Reignault, Philippe-Lucien; Halama, Patrice; Selim, Sameh A plant nutrient-and microbial protein-based resistance inducer elicits wheat cultivar-dependent resistance against Zymoseptoria tritici In: Phytopathology, vol. 109, no. 12, pp. 2033-2045, 2019, (ACL). Abstract @article{Ors2019,
title = {A plant nutrient-and microbial protein-based resistance inducer elicits wheat cultivar-dependent resistance against Zymoseptoria tritici},
author = {Marie-Eva Ors and Béatrice Randoux and Ali Siah and Gilles Couleaud and Claude Maumené and Karin Sahmer and Philippe-Lucien Reignault and Patrice Halama and Sameh Selim},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Phytopathology},
volume = {109},
number = {12},
pages = {2033-2045},
abstract = {The induction of plant defense mechanisms by resistance inducers is
an attractive and innovative alternative to reduce the use of fungicides
on wheat against Zymoseptoria tritici, the responsible agent of Septoria
tritici blotch (STB). Under controlled conditions, we investigated
the resistance induction in three wheat cultivars with different
susceptible levels to STB as a response to a treatment with a sulfur,
manganese sulfate and protein-based resistance inducer (NECTAR Céréales®).
While no direct anti-germination effect of the product was observed
in planta, more than 50 % reduction of both symptoms and sporulation
were recorded on the three tested cultivars. However, an impact of
the wheat genotype on resistance induction was highlighted, which
affects host penetration, cell colonization and the production of
cell-wall degrading enzymes by the fungus. Moreover, in the most
susceptible cultivar Alixan, the product upregulated POX2, PAL, PR1
and GLUC gene expression in both non-inoculated and inoculated plants
and CHIT2 in non-inoculated plants only. In contrast, defense responses
induced in Altigo, the most resistant cultivar, seem to be more specifically
mediated by the phenylpropanoid pathway in non-inoculated as well
as inoculated plants, since PAL and CHS were most specifically upregulated
in this cultivar. In Premio, the moderate resistant cultivar, NECTAR
Céréales® elicits mainly the octadecanoid pathway, via LOX and AOS
induction in non-inoculated plants. We concluded that this complex
resistance-inducing product protects wheat against Z. tritici by
stimulating the cultivar-dependent plant defense mechanisms.},
note = {ACL},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The induction of plant defense mechanisms by resistance inducers is
an attractive and innovative alternative to reduce the use of fungicides
on wheat against Zymoseptoria tritici, the responsible agent of Septoria
tritici blotch (STB). Under controlled conditions, we investigated
the resistance induction in three wheat cultivars with different
susceptible levels to STB as a response to a treatment with a sulfur,
manganese sulfate and protein-based resistance inducer (NECTAR Céréales®).
While no direct anti-germination effect of the product was observed
in planta, more than 50 % reduction of both symptoms and sporulation
were recorded on the three tested cultivars. However, an impact of
the wheat genotype on resistance induction was highlighted, which
affects host penetration, cell colonization and the production of
cell-wall degrading enzymes by the fungus. Moreover, in the most
susceptible cultivar Alixan, the product upregulated POX2, PAL, PR1
and GLUC gene expression in both non-inoculated and inoculated plants
and CHIT2 in non-inoculated plants only. In contrast, defense responses
induced in Altigo, the most resistant cultivar, seem to be more specifically
mediated by the phenylpropanoid pathway in non-inoculated as well
as inoculated plants, since PAL and CHS were most specifically upregulated
in this cultivar. In Premio, the moderate resistant cultivar, NECTAR
Céréales® elicits mainly the octadecanoid pathway, via LOX and AOS
induction in non-inoculated plants. We concluded that this complex
resistance-inducing product protects wheat against Z. tritici by
stimulating the cultivar-dependent plant defense mechanisms. |
2019Conference ER4 Auteurs : Pelfrêne, Aurélie; Le-Bot, Barbara; Waterlot, Christophe; Glorennec, Philippe; Sahmer, Karin; Douay, Francis Une méthode simplifiée pour estimer la bioaccessibilité des polluants métalliques dans les sols 4ème Rencontres nationales de la Recherche sur les sites et sols pollués, Le Beffroi de Montrouge, 26-27 novembre 2019, Paris, 2019, (ACTN). @conference{Pelfrene2019f,
title = {Une méthode simplifiée pour estimer la bioaccessibilité des polluants métalliques dans les sols},
author = {Aurélie Pelfrêne and Barbara Le-Bot and Christophe Waterlot and Philippe Glorennec and Karin Sahmer and Francis Douay},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
booktitle = {4ème Rencontres nationales de la Recherche sur les sites et sols pollués, Le Beffroi de Montrouge, 26-27 novembre 2019, Paris},
note = {ACTN},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
|
2019Journal Article ER4 Auteurs : Leclercq-Dransart, Julie; Demuynck, Sylvain; Waterlot, Christophe; Bidar, Géraldine; Sahmer, Karin; Pernin, Céline; Deram, A; Leprêtre, Alain; Douay, Francis Distribution of metals and cell wall compounds in leaf parts of three tree species suitable for the phytomanagement of heavy metal–contaminated soils In: Water Air and Soil Pollution, vol. 230, no. 237, pp. 1-16, 2019, (ACL). Abstract @article{Leclercq-Dransar2019,
title = {Distribution of metals and cell wall compounds in leaf parts of three tree species suitable for the phytomanagement of heavy metal–contaminated soils},
author = {Julie Leclercq-Dransart and Sylvain Demuynck and Christophe Waterlot and Géraldine Bidar and Karin Sahmer and Céline Pernin and A Deram and Alain Leprêtre and Francis Douay},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Water Air and Soil Pollution},
volume = {230},
number = {237},
pages = {1-16},
abstract = {Phytomanagement used on soils contaminated with metals aims to stabilize
them in the soil. It generally uses less demanding tree species such
as maple, poplar, and black locust. However, it is important to consider
the rate of accumulation of metals in the leaves as well as their
location (leaf blade/petiole) together with the contents of cell
wall compounds (hemicelluloses, cellulose, lignin). These two aspects
are likely not only to have repercussions on the decomposition of
litter but also to lead to a possible transfer ofmetal contamination
into the food chain via soil decomposers/detritivorous. A successful
phytoremediation is therefore the result of compromise: no tree species
can meet all these criteria. The results obtained show that poplar
is not recommended due to a high accumulation of Cd and Zn. The most
appropriate species among our 3 studied species, which seem the most
suitable in terms of remediation of metal polluted soils, could be
the black locust and the maple which are less susceptible to contribute
to the transfer of exogenous metals such as Cd to the trophic chain.
However, maple strongly accumulates Pb in the leaf blade and it is
susceptible to degrade quickly due to its high hemicelluloses and
cellulose contents and low lignin content. The black locust accumulates
metals mainly in the petiole (little consumed by detritivorous).
However, its exotic character and high lignin content may limit the
interest of its use.},
note = {ACL},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Phytomanagement used on soils contaminated with metals aims to stabilize
them in the soil. It generally uses less demanding tree species such
as maple, poplar, and black locust. However, it is important to consider
the rate of accumulation of metals in the leaves as well as their
location (leaf blade/petiole) together with the contents of cell
wall compounds (hemicelluloses, cellulose, lignin). These two aspects
are likely not only to have repercussions on the decomposition of
litter but also to lead to a possible transfer ofmetal contamination
into the food chain via soil decomposers/detritivorous. A successful
phytoremediation is therefore the result of compromise: no tree species
can meet all these criteria. The results obtained show that poplar
is not recommended due to a high accumulation of Cd and Zn. The most
appropriate species among our 3 studied species, which seem the most
suitable in terms of remediation of metal polluted soils, could be
the black locust and the maple which are less susceptible to contribute
to the transfer of exogenous metals such as Cd to the trophic chain.
However, maple strongly accumulates Pb in the leaf blade and it is
susceptible to degrade quickly due to its high hemicelluloses and
cellulose contents and low lignin content. The black locust accumulates
metals mainly in the petiole (little consumed by detritivorous).
However, its exotic character and high lignin content may limit the
interest of its use. |
2018Journal Article ER4 Auteurs : Muchembled, Jérôme; Deweer, Caroline; Sahmer, Karin; Halama, Patrice Antifungal activity of essential oils on two Venturia inaequalis strains with different sensitivities to tebuconazole In: Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 25, no. 30, pp. 29921-29928, 2018, (ACL). Abstract @article{Muchembled2018,
title = {Antifungal activity of essential oils on two Venturia inaequalis strains with different sensitivities to tebuconazole},
author = {Jérôme Muchembled and Caroline Deweer and Karin Sahmer and Patrice Halama},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Environmental Science and Pollution Research},
volume = {25},
number = {30},
pages = {29921-29928},
abstract = {The antifungal activity of seven essential oils (eucalyptus, clove,
mint, oregano, savory, tea tree, and thyme) was studied on Venturia
inaequalis, the fungus responsible for apple scab. The composition
of the essential oils was checked by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Each essential oil had its main compound. Liquid tests were performed
to calculate the IC50 of essential oils as well as their majority
compounds. The tests were made on two strains with different sensitivities
to tebuconazole: S755, the sensitive strain, and rs552, the strain
with reduced sensitivity. Copper sulfate was selected as the reference
mineral fungicidal substance. IC50 with confidence intervals were
calculated after three independent experiments. The results showed
that all essential oils and all major compounds had in vitro antifungal
activities. Moreover, it was highlighted that the effectiveness of
four essential oils (clove, eucalyptus, mint, and savory) was higher
than copper sulfate on both strains. For each strain, the best activity
was obtained using clove and eucalyptus essential oils. For clove,
the IC50 obtained on the sensitive strain (5.2 mg/L [4.0–6.7 mg/L])
was statistically lower than the IC50 of reduced sensitivity strain
(14 mg/L [11.1–17.5 mg/L]). In contrast, for eucalyptus essential
oil, the IC50 were not different with respectively 9.4–13.0 and 12.2–17.9
mg/L for S755 and rs552 strains. For mint, origano, savory, tea tree,
and thyme, IC50 were always the best on rs552 strain. The majority
compounds were not necessarily more efficient than their corresponding
oils; only eugenol (for clove) and carvacrol (for oregano and savory)
seemed to be more effective on S755 strain. On the other hand, rs552
strain seemed to be more sensitive to essential oils than S755 strain.
In overall, it was shown that essential oils have different antifungal
activities but do not have the same antifungal activities depending
on the fungus strain used.},
note = {ACL},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The antifungal activity of seven essential oils (eucalyptus, clove,
mint, oregano, savory, tea tree, and thyme) was studied on Venturia
inaequalis, the fungus responsible for apple scab. The composition
of the essential oils was checked by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Each essential oil had its main compound. Liquid tests were performed
to calculate the IC50 of essential oils as well as their majority
compounds. The tests were made on two strains with different sensitivities
to tebuconazole: S755, the sensitive strain, and rs552, the strain
with reduced sensitivity. Copper sulfate was selected as the reference
mineral fungicidal substance. IC50 with confidence intervals were
calculated after three independent experiments. The results showed
that all essential oils and all major compounds had in vitro antifungal
activities. Moreover, it was highlighted that the effectiveness of
four essential oils (clove, eucalyptus, mint, and savory) was higher
than copper sulfate on both strains. For each strain, the best activity
was obtained using clove and eucalyptus essential oils. For clove,
the IC50 obtained on the sensitive strain (5.2 mg/L [4.0–6.7 mg/L])
was statistically lower than the IC50 of reduced sensitivity strain
(14 mg/L [11.1–17.5 mg/L]). In contrast, for eucalyptus essential
oil, the IC50 were not different with respectively 9.4–13.0 and 12.2–17.9
mg/L for S755 and rs552 strains. For mint, origano, savory, tea tree,
and thyme, IC50 were always the best on rs552 strain. The majority
compounds were not necessarily more efficient than their corresponding
oils; only eugenol (for clove) and carvacrol (for oregano and savory)
seemed to be more effective on S755 strain. On the other hand, rs552
strain seemed to be more sensitive to essential oils than S755 strain.
In overall, it was shown that essential oils have different antifungal
activities but do not have the same antifungal activities depending
on the fungus strain used. |
2018Journal Article ER4 Auteurs : Ors, M -E; Randoux, Béatrice; Selim, S; Siah, Ali; Couleaud, G; Maumené, C; Sahmer, Karin; Halama, Patrice; Reignault, Philippe Cultivar-dependent partial resistance and associated defence mechanisms in wheat against Zymoseptoria tritici In: Plant Pathology, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 561-572, 2018, (ACL). Abstract @article{Ors2018d,
title = {Cultivar-dependent partial resistance and associated defence mechanisms in wheat against Zymoseptoria tritici},
author = {M -E Ors and Béatrice Randoux and S Selim and Ali Siah and G Couleaud and C Maumené and Karin Sahmer and Patrice Halama and Philippe Reignault},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Plant Pathology},
volume = {67},
number = {3},
pages = {561-572},
abstract = {Septoria tritici blotch caused by the fungus Zymoseptoria tritici
is one of the most devastating foliar diseases of wheat. Knowledge
regarding mechanisms involved in resistance against this disease
is required to breed durable resistances. This study compared the
expression of defence and pathogenicity determinants in three cultivars
in semicontrolled culture conditions. The most susceptible cultivar,
Alixan, presented higher necrosis and pycnidia density levels than
Altigo, the most resistant one. In Premio, a moderately resistant
cultivar, necrosis developed as in Alixan, while pycnidia developed
as in Altigo. In noninfectious conditions, genes coding for PR1 (pr1),
glucanase (gluc) and allene oxide synthase (aos) were constitutively
expressed at a higher level in both Altigo and Premio than in Alixan,
while chitinase2 (chit2), phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (pal), peroxidase
(pox2) and oxalate oxidase (oxo) were expressed at a higher level
in Premio only. Except for aos, all genes were induced in Alixan
during the first steps of the symptomless infection phase. Only pox2,
oxo, gluc and pal genes in Altigo and pal, chs and lox genes in Premio
were up‐regulated at some time points. Basal cultivar‐dependent resistance
against Z. tritici could therefore be explained by various gene expression
patterns rather than high expression levels of given genes. During
the necrotrophic phase, Z. tritici cell wall‐degrading enzyme activity
levels were lower in Altigo and Premio than in Alixan, and were associated
more with pycnidia than with necrosis. Similar tissue colonization
occurred in the three cultivars, suggesting an inhibition of the
switch to the necrotrophic lifestyle in Altigo.},
note = {ACL},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Septoria tritici blotch caused by the fungus Zymoseptoria tritici
is one of the most devastating foliar diseases of wheat. Knowledge
regarding mechanisms involved in resistance against this disease
is required to breed durable resistances. This study compared the
expression of defence and pathogenicity determinants in three cultivars
in semicontrolled culture conditions. The most susceptible cultivar,
Alixan, presented higher necrosis and pycnidia density levels than
Altigo, the most resistant one. In Premio, a moderately resistant
cultivar, necrosis developed as in Alixan, while pycnidia developed
as in Altigo. In noninfectious conditions, genes coding for PR1 (pr1),
glucanase (gluc) and allene oxide synthase (aos) were constitutively
expressed at a higher level in both Altigo and Premio than in Alixan,
while chitinase2 (chit2), phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (pal), peroxidase
(pox2) and oxalate oxidase (oxo) were expressed at a higher level
in Premio only. Except for aos, all genes were induced in Alixan
during the first steps of the symptomless infection phase. Only pox2,
oxo, gluc and pal genes in Altigo and pal, chs and lox genes in Premio
were up‐regulated at some time points. Basal cultivar‐dependent resistance
against Z. tritici could therefore be explained by various gene expression
patterns rather than high expression levels of given genes. During
the necrotrophic phase, Z. tritici cell wall‐degrading enzyme activity
levels were lower in Altigo and Premio than in Alixan, and were associated
more with pycnidia than with necrosis. Similar tissue colonization
occurred in the three cultivars, suggesting an inhibition of the
switch to the necrotrophic lifestyle in Altigo. |
2018Conference ER4 Auteurs : Sahmer, Karin; Potel, A; Waterlot, Christophe; Pelfrêne, Aurélie Modélisation de l’accumulation du cadmium dans des légumes en fonction des concentrations extractibles des sols Chimiométrie XIX, 30-31 janvier 2018, Paris, 2018, (AFF). @conference{Sahmer2018,
title = {Modélisation de l’accumulation du cadmium dans des légumes en fonction des concentrations extractibles des sols},
author = {Karin Sahmer and A Potel and Christophe Waterlot and Aurélie Pelfrêne},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
booktitle = {Chimiométrie XIX, 30-31 janvier 2018, Paris},
note = {AFF},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
|
2017Conference ER4 Auteurs : Deweer, Caroline; Muchembled, Jérôme; Brehault, L; Gelin, D; Sahmer, Karin; Halama, Patrice Spécificité de réponses des huiles essentielles et de leurs composés majoritaires enregistrées au laboratoire sur Phytophthora infestans 6ème conférence internationale sur les méthodes alternatives de protection des plantes, 21-23 mars 2017, Lille, 2017, (AFF). @conference{Deweer2017,
title = {Spécificité de réponses des huiles essentielles et de leurs composés majoritaires enregistrées au laboratoire sur Phytophthora infestans},
author = {Caroline Deweer and Jérôme Muchembled and L Brehault and D Gelin and Karin Sahmer and Patrice Halama},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
booktitle = {6ème conférence internationale sur les méthodes alternatives de protection des plantes, 21-23 mars 2017, Lille},
note = {AFF},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
|
2017Journal Article ER4 Auteurs : Janus, Adeline; Pelfrêne, Aurélie; Sahmer, Karin; Heymans, Sophie; Deboffe, Christophe; Douay, Francis; Waterlot, Christophe Value of biochars from Miscanthus x giganteus cultivated on contaminated soils to decrease the availability of metals in multicontaminated aqueous solutions In: Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 24, no. 22, pp. 18204-18217, 2017, (ACL). Abstract @article{Janus2017b,
title = {Value of biochars from Miscanthus x giganteus cultivated on contaminated soils to decrease the availability of metals in multicontaminated aqueous solutions},
author = {Adeline Janus and Aurélie Pelfrêne and Karin Sahmer and Sophie Heymans and Christophe Deboffe and Francis Douay and Christophe Waterlot},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Environmental Science and Pollution Research},
volume = {24},
number = {22},
pages = {18204-18217},
abstract = {The objective of this study was to evaluate the sorption efficiency of eight biochars, made from miscanthus x giganteus cultivated on contaminated agricultural soil, in aqueous solutions contaminated with metals alone or mixed with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. these biochars were produced in different pyrolysis conditions (temperature, 400/600 °c; heating rate, 5/10 °c min−1; duration, 45/90 min) and compared with an uncontaminated commercialized biochar made of wood. the physicochemical characterization of the miscanthus biochars confirmed the impact of the pyrolysis on the biochar parameters with substantial differences between the biochars in terms of ph, cation exchange capacity, and specific surface area. the sorption experiment showed higher sorption efficiency of cd, pb, and zn for the miscanthus biochars produced at 600 °c compared with the biochars produced at 400 °c when the aqueous solutions were mono- or multicontaminated. furthermore, the desorption study showed that the sorption process was largely irreversible. therefore, the high sorption capacity of miscanthus biochars and the low sorption reversibility confirmed that these biochars are a suitable sorbent for metals.},
note = {ACL},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The objective of this study was to evaluate the sorption efficiency of eight biochars, made from miscanthus x giganteus cultivated on contaminated agricultural soil, in aqueous solutions contaminated with metals alone or mixed with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. these biochars were produced in different pyrolysis conditions (temperature, 400/600 °c; heating rate, 5/10 °c min−1; duration, 45/90 min) and compared with an uncontaminated commercialized biochar made of wood. the physicochemical characterization of the miscanthus biochars confirmed the impact of the pyrolysis on the biochar parameters with substantial differences between the biochars in terms of ph, cation exchange capacity, and specific surface area. the sorption experiment showed higher sorption efficiency of cd, pb, and zn for the miscanthus biochars produced at 600 °c compared with the biochars produced at 400 °c when the aqueous solutions were mono- or multicontaminated. furthermore, the desorption study showed that the sorption process was largely irreversible. therefore, the high sorption capacity of miscanthus biochars and the low sorption reversibility confirmed that these biochars are a suitable sorbent for metals. |
2017Conference ER4 Auteurs : Levrault, Cécile; Bignon, Laure; Mindus, Claire; Collin, Antoine; Leruste, Hélène; Sahmer, Karin; Bouvarel, Isabelle; Guesdon, Vanessa EBENE : une nouvelle méthode d’évaluation du bien-être co-construite avec les différentes parties prenantes testée en élevage poules pondeuse plein air Colloque bien-être animal : de la théorie à la pratique, 12-14 décembre 2017, Rennes, 2017, (AFF). @conference{Levrault2017a,
title = {EBENE : une nouvelle méthode d’évaluation du bien-être co-construite avec les différentes parties prenantes testée en élevage poules pondeuse plein air},
author = {Cécile Levrault and Laure Bignon and Claire Mindus and Antoine Collin and Hélène Leruste and Karin Sahmer and Isabelle Bouvarel and Vanessa Guesdon},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
booktitle = {Colloque bien-être animal : de la théorie à la pratique, 12-14 décembre 2017, Rennes},
note = {AFF},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
|
2017Conference ER4 Auteurs : Muchembled, Jérôme; Deweer, Caroline; Gelin, D; Brehault, L; Sahmer, Karin; Halama, Patrice Comparaison in vitro de l’efficacité d’huiles essentielles sur Venturia inaequalis et Phytophthora infestans 6ème conférence internationale sur les méthodes alternatives de protection des plantes, 21-23 mars 2017, Lille, 2017, (COM). @conference{Muchembled2017,
title = {Comparaison in vitro de l’efficacité d’huiles essentielles sur Venturia inaequalis et Phytophthora infestans},
author = {Jérôme Muchembled and Caroline Deweer and D Gelin and L Brehault and Karin Sahmer and Patrice Halama},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
booktitle = {6ème conférence internationale sur les méthodes alternatives de protection des plantes, 21-23 mars 2017, Lille},
note = {COM},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
|
2017Conference ER4 Auteurs : Muchembled, Jérôme; Deweer, Caroline; Gelin, D; Brehault, L; Sahmer, Karin; Halama, Patrice Réponses spécifiques d’huiles essentielles sur 2 souches de Venturia inaequalis 6ème conférence internationale sur les méthodes alternatives de protection des plantes, 21-23 mars 2017, Lille, 2017, (AFF). @conference{Muchembled2017a,
title = {Réponses spécifiques d’huiles essentielles sur 2 souches de Venturia inaequalis},
author = {Jérôme Muchembled and Caroline Deweer and D Gelin and L Brehault and Karin Sahmer and Patrice Halama},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
booktitle = {6ème conférence internationale sur les méthodes alternatives de protection des plantes, 21-23 mars 2017, Lille},
note = {AFF},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
|
2017Conference ER4 Auteurs : Pelfrêne, Aurélie; Sahmer, Karin; Grard, Olivier; Heyman, Christophe; Douay, Francis De l’acquisition de données environnementales et sociales à l’évaluation de l’exposition des jardiniers: Un retour d’expérience dans un contexte urbain fortement contaminé par les métaux International congress - Sustainable Urban Agricultures: Vector for the Ecological Transition, 6-9 juin 2017, Toulouse, 2017, (AFF). Abstract @conference{Pelfrene2017bb,
title = {De l’acquisition de données environnementales et sociales à l’évaluation de l’exposition des jardiniers: Un retour d’expérience dans un contexte urbain fortement contaminé par les métaux},
author = {Aurélie Pelfrêne and Karin Sahmer and Olivier Grard and Christophe Heyman and Francis Douay},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
booktitle = {International congress - Sustainable Urban Agricultures: Vector for the Ecological Transition, 6-9 juin 2017, Toulouse},
abstract = {Jusqu’à récemment, le jardinage avait souvent pour vocation principale de subvenir aux besoins alimentaires. de nos jours, les motivations des jardiniers sont beaucoup plus variées et il est admis que le jardin joue aussi un rôle social et de support de biodiversité. si le jardinage est effectué le plus souvent en milieu rural (près de 51% selon l’insee, 1993), il se pratique aussi de plus en plus souvent en milieu périurbain ou urbain. se pose alors la question de la qualité des sols et des productions cultivées au regard de pollutions potentielles résultant des activités humaines (chauffage urbain, circulation automobile, activités industrielles…). cette problématique, qui reste rarement étudiée, est d’autant plus importante dans les régions avec un lourd passé industriel comme dans l’ancien bassin minier du nord – pas de calais. depuis plus de 20 ans, des travaux y sont réalisés et ceci, plus spécifiquement dans un secteur compris entre lens et douai où deux fonderies de plomb et de zinc ont rejeté par le passé des quantités considérables de poussières métalliques. leurs retombées ont conduit à une contamination massive des sols notamment en plomb, cadmium et zinc. en partenariat avec les services sanitaires et pour évaluer les dangers, des investigations sont menées dans les jardins aux alentours de l’ancienne fonderie de plomb metaleurop nord (noyelles-godault) où plus de 900 potagers ont été repérés au moyen de photographies aériennes. sur les 530 jardiniers qui ont été sollicités pour participer à une étude visant à mieux connaître ces milieux et les dangers associés à leur contamination, 115 ont accepté. l’échantillonnage des sols et des productions a été réalisé durant l’année culturale 2013. les pratiques culturales et les habitudes alimentaires ont aussi été caractérisées au moyen d’enquêtes. les résultats ont confirmé le très fort degré de contamination de la plupart des sols des jardins étudiés, lequel ne peut être expliqué par les seules retombées de poussières. des apports de matériaux contaminés et diverses pratiques ont souvent conduit à accroître notablement les concentrations en polluants des sols. il a été dressé un bilan des productions selon leur aptitude à accumuler les métaux dans les organes consommés et préparés comme le ferait un consommateur soigneux (lavage, épluchage). sur les 1566 échantillons de légumes, aromates et fruits analysés, 51% présentent des concentrations en cadmium et plomb qui excèdent les valeurs réglementant la consommation des denrées alimentaires. au regard de ces résultats, s’est posée la question de l’exposition des jardiniers en lien avec la consommation de leurs productions potagères mais aussi avec l’ingestion de particules de sols. pour mieux évaluer cette exposition, la bioaccessibilité orale des métaux a été prise en compte au lieu des concentrations totales classiquement mesurées dans les légumes et les sols. les résultats obtenus ont été présentés aux jardiniers lors d’entretiens individuels. la restitution a été complétée par des préconisations culturales et/ou alimentaires personnalisées visant à réduire l’imprégnation des populations au plomb et au cadmium. l’évaluation des effets de ces restitutions sur les pratiques a été réalisée un an après la fin de la restitution sur la base d’un nouvel entretien avec les jardiniers concernés. sera présenté un retour d’expérience sur cette démarche, de l’échantillonnage des sols et des productions jusqu’à la restitution auprès des jardiniers des données acquises.},
note = {AFF},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Jusqu’à récemment, le jardinage avait souvent pour vocation principale de subvenir aux besoins alimentaires. de nos jours, les motivations des jardiniers sont beaucoup plus variées et il est admis que le jardin joue aussi un rôle social et de support de biodiversité. si le jardinage est effectué le plus souvent en milieu rural (près de 51% selon l’insee, 1993), il se pratique aussi de plus en plus souvent en milieu périurbain ou urbain. se pose alors la question de la qualité des sols et des productions cultivées au regard de pollutions potentielles résultant des activités humaines (chauffage urbain, circulation automobile, activités industrielles…). cette problématique, qui reste rarement étudiée, est d’autant plus importante dans les régions avec un lourd passé industriel comme dans l’ancien bassin minier du nord – pas de calais. depuis plus de 20 ans, des travaux y sont réalisés et ceci, plus spécifiquement dans un secteur compris entre lens et douai où deux fonderies de plomb et de zinc ont rejeté par le passé des quantités considérables de poussières métalliques. leurs retombées ont conduit à une contamination massive des sols notamment en plomb, cadmium et zinc. en partenariat avec les services sanitaires et pour évaluer les dangers, des investigations sont menées dans les jardins aux alentours de l’ancienne fonderie de plomb metaleurop nord (noyelles-godault) où plus de 900 potagers ont été repérés au moyen de photographies aériennes. sur les 530 jardiniers qui ont été sollicités pour participer à une étude visant à mieux connaître ces milieux et les dangers associés à leur contamination, 115 ont accepté. l’échantillonnage des sols et des productions a été réalisé durant l’année culturale 2013. les pratiques culturales et les habitudes alimentaires ont aussi été caractérisées au moyen d’enquêtes. les résultats ont confirmé le très fort degré de contamination de la plupart des sols des jardins étudiés, lequel ne peut être expliqué par les seules retombées de poussières. des apports de matériaux contaminés et diverses pratiques ont souvent conduit à accroître notablement les concentrations en polluants des sols. il a été dressé un bilan des productions selon leur aptitude à accumuler les métaux dans les organes consommés et préparés comme le ferait un consommateur soigneux (lavage, épluchage). sur les 1566 échantillons de légumes, aromates et fruits analysés, 51% présentent des concentrations en cadmium et plomb qui excèdent les valeurs réglementant la consommation des denrées alimentaires. au regard de ces résultats, s’est posée la question de l’exposition des jardiniers en lien avec la consommation de leurs productions potagères mais aussi avec l’ingestion de particules de sols. pour mieux évaluer cette exposition, la bioaccessibilité orale des métaux a été prise en compte au lieu des concentrations totales classiquement mesurées dans les légumes et les sols. les résultats obtenus ont été présentés aux jardiniers lors d’entretiens individuels. la restitution a été complétée par des préconisations culturales et/ou alimentaires personnalisées visant à réduire l’imprégnation des populations au plomb et au cadmium. l’évaluation des effets de ces restitutions sur les pratiques a été réalisée un an après la fin de la restitution sur la base d’un nouvel entretien avec les jardiniers concernés. sera présenté un retour d’expérience sur cette démarche, de l’échantillonnage des sols et des productions jusqu’à la restitution auprès des jardiniers des données acquises. |
2017Conference ER4 Auteurs : Levrault, Cécile; Bignon, Laure; Mindus, Claire; Collin, Antoine; Leruste, Hélène; Sahmer, Karin; Bouvarel, Isabelle; Guesdon, Vanessa EBENE : a new welfare assessment method co-built with stakeholders tested in free range laying hen 7th International Conference on the Assessment of Animal Welfare at Farm and Group level, 5-8 September 2017, Ede (Pays-Bas), 2017, (AFF). Abstract @conference{Levrault2017,
title = {EBENE : a new welfare assessment method co-built with stakeholders tested in free range laying hen},
author = {Cécile Levrault and Laure Bignon and Claire Mindus and Antoine Collin and Hélène Leruste and Karin Sahmer and Isabelle Bouvarel and Vanessa Guesdon},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
booktitle = {7th International Conference on the Assessment of Animal Welfare at Farm and Group level, 5-8 September 2017, Ede (Pays-Bas)},
abstract = {As requested from the poultry industry a shared and practical method of commercial poultry and rabbit welfare assessment was developed: ebene method. it should easily be implemented by the farmer and so its application has to be simple and fast (one hour). here, the work for free-range laying hens is presented. the assessment indicators were defined using both welfare quality® and several meetings with different stakeholders (scientists, customers, ngo, farmers). indicators were collected indirectly through a questionnaire submitted to farmers and directly without handling the hens using behavioural observations/tests and a sanitary condition assessment. two sampling methods were tested to collect indicators from behavioural observations/tests: 9 small areas (= met1, 2×1.5 m) vs 3 large areas (= met2, 2×3 m). seventeen farms were included in this study. the feasibility (duration+ practicability of the assessment) and indicator repeatability (intra and inter-observer) were tested. for intra observer repeatability, 9/10 behavioural indicators (gentle pecking = gp, severe pecking = sp},
note = {AFF},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
As requested from the poultry industry a shared and practical method of commercial poultry and rabbit welfare assessment was developed: ebene method. it should easily be implemented by the farmer and so its application has to be simple and fast (one hour). here, the work for free-range laying hens is presented. the assessment indicators were defined using both welfare quality® and several meetings with different stakeholders (scientists, customers, ngo, farmers). indicators were collected indirectly through a questionnaire submitted to farmers and directly without handling the hens using behavioural observations/tests and a sanitary condition assessment. two sampling methods were tested to collect indicators from behavioural observations/tests: 9 small areas (= met1, 2×1.5 m) vs 3 large areas (= met2, 2×3 m). seventeen farms were included in this study. the feasibility (duration+ practicability of the assessment) and indicator repeatability (intra and inter-observer) were tested. for intra observer repeatability, 9/10 behavioural indicators (gentle pecking = gp, severe pecking = sp |
2016Conference ER4 Auteurs : Janus, Adeline; Pelfrêne, Aurélie; Sahmer, Karin; Heymans, Sophie; Deboffe, Christophe; Douay, Francis; Waterlot, Christophe Value of Miscanthus biochars to decrease the availability of metals in aqueous solutions International Conference Contaminated Sites 2016, 12-13 September 2016, Bratislava (Slovakia), 2016, (AFF). Abstract @conference{Janus2016,
title = {Value of Miscanthus biochars to decrease the availability of metals in aqueous solutions},
author = {Adeline Janus and Aurélie Pelfrêne and Karin Sahmer and Sophie Heymans and Christophe Deboffe and Francis Douay and Christophe Waterlot},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
booktitle = {International Conference Contaminated Sites 2016, 12-13 September 2016, Bratislava (Slovakia)},
abstract = {Introduction in europe, more than 2.5 millions of potentially contaminated site a new approach: use biochars produced with biomass cultivated on agricultural soils contaminated by metals biochar production materials and methods results conclusions the pyrolysis process impacts the biochar characteristics. the biochars produced at 600 °c show the highest ssa and ph and the lowest cec. the biochars show a high efficiency to sorb the three metals, especially those produced at 600°c. the presence of metals and pahs affect the removal efficiency, notably for the biochars produced at 400°c. the high sorption capacity of miscanthus biochars confirmed these biochars as suitable sorbent for cd, pb and zn.},
note = {AFF},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Introduction in europe, more than 2.5 millions of potentially contaminated site a new approach: use biochars produced with biomass cultivated on agricultural soils contaminated by metals biochar production materials and methods results conclusions the pyrolysis process impacts the biochar characteristics. the biochars produced at 600 °c show the highest ssa and ph and the lowest cec. the biochars show a high efficiency to sorb the three metals, especially those produced at 600°c. the presence of metals and pahs affect the removal efficiency, notably for the biochars produced at 400°c. the high sorption capacity of miscanthus biochars confirmed these biochars as suitable sorbent for cd, pb and zn. |
2016Conference ER4 Auteurs : Muchembled, Jérôme; Deweer, Caroline; Gelin, D; Brehault, L; Sahmer, Karin; Halama, Patrice Effets biofongicides de composés majoritaires d’huiles essentielles : applications in vitro sur deux souches s et r mefenoxam de Phytophthora infestans Natural Products & Biocontrol 2016, 21-23 septembre 2016, Perpignan, 2016, (AFF). @conference{Muchembled2016,
title = {Effets biofongicides de composés majoritaires d’huiles essentielles : applications in vitro sur deux souches s et r mefenoxam de Phytophthora infestans},
author = {Jérôme Muchembled and Caroline Deweer and D Gelin and L Brehault and Karin Sahmer and Patrice Halama},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
booktitle = {Natural Products & Biocontrol 2016, 21-23 septembre 2016, Perpignan},
note = {AFF},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
|
2015Conference ER4 Auteurs : Deweer, Caroline; Muchembled, Jérôme; Sahmer, Karin; Halama, Patrice Biocontrol and botanical substances: innovative methods for evaluation of essential oils on a triazoles resistant strain of Venturia inaequalis XVIII. International Plant Protection Congress, 24–27 August 2015, Berlin (Allemagne), 2015, (AFF). Abstract @conference{Deweer2015,
title = {Biocontrol and botanical substances: innovative methods for evaluation of essential oils on a triazoles resistant strain of Venturia inaequalis},
author = {Caroline Deweer and Jérôme Muchembled and Karin Sahmer and Patrice Halama},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
booktitle = {XVIII. International Plant Protection Congress, 24–27 August 2015, Berlin (Allemagne)},
abstract = {Carried by the french Technical Institute of Organic Agriculture (ITAB)
and financed by the Ministry of Agriculture, the CASDAR project entitled
"Evaluation of the interest of using essential oils in crop protection"
(2013-2015) proposes to study the biofungicide effectiveness in vitro
and in planta of several essential oils on several biological models.
Here, the aim of the study is to test the efficacy of 7 essential
oils on spores of Venturia inaequalis, the fungus that causes apple
scab (70% yield loss). Two strains were used: a resistant strain
to fungicides (triazoles) compared to a sensitive strain. A range
of concentrations of seven essential oils and two references fungicides
(metconazole and copper sulfate (CuSO4)) are tested on two strains.
The experiments were performed in a liquid medium in microplates
and are carried out at least three times in independent way. The
fungicidal effectiveness is modeled by the calculation of the IC50.
The IC50 values of the tested products is compared by an F-test within
a nonlinear regression approach. Among the 7 essential oils, the
results show that some are significaly more effective than others
on the two strains. The results also show that the resistant strain
to metconazole is much more sensitive to copper than the sensitive
strain. Similarly, the resistant strain seems sometimes to be more
sensitive to essential oils than the sensitive strain. If metconazole
remains the most effective fungicide molecule on the 2 strains, essential
oils are as or more effective than copper on the sensitive strain.
These results suggest that the behavior in the laboratory of the
R and S strains triazoles is different not only to copper but also
to the essential oils. Tests orchards will show the interest to essential
oils in organic production methods (compared to copper) and in more
conventional production methods.},
note = {AFF},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Carried by the french Technical Institute of Organic Agriculture (ITAB)
and financed by the Ministry of Agriculture, the CASDAR project entitled
"Evaluation of the interest of using essential oils in crop protection"
(2013-2015) proposes to study the biofungicide effectiveness in vitro
and in planta of several essential oils on several biological models.
Here, the aim of the study is to test the efficacy of 7 essential
oils on spores of Venturia inaequalis, the fungus that causes apple
scab (70% yield loss). Two strains were used: a resistant strain
to fungicides (triazoles) compared to a sensitive strain. A range
of concentrations of seven essential oils and two references fungicides
(metconazole and copper sulfate (CuSO4)) are tested on two strains.
The experiments were performed in a liquid medium in microplates
and are carried out at least three times in independent way. The
fungicidal effectiveness is modeled by the calculation of the IC50.
The IC50 values of the tested products is compared by an F-test within
a nonlinear regression approach. Among the 7 essential oils, the
results show that some are significaly more effective than others
on the two strains. The results also show that the resistant strain
to metconazole is much more sensitive to copper than the sensitive
strain. Similarly, the resistant strain seems sometimes to be more
sensitive to essential oils than the sensitive strain. If metconazole
remains the most effective fungicide molecule on the 2 strains, essential
oils are as or more effective than copper on the sensitive strain.
These results suggest that the behavior in the laboratory of the
R and S strains triazoles is different not only to copper but also
to the essential oils. Tests orchards will show the interest to essential
oils in organic production methods (compared to copper) and in more
conventional production methods. |
2015Conference ER4 Auteurs : Muchembled, Jérôme; Corroyer, N; Deweer, Caroline; Dupont, N; Sahmer, Karin; Halama, Patrice; Larrieu, J F; Le-Maguet, J; Navarro, J M; Tournant, L; Vidal, R Evaluation au laboratoire et aux vergers de l'efficacité d'huiles essentielles sur Venturia sp 5th International Conference on Alternative Methods of Crop Protection, 11-13 mars 2015, Lille, 2015, (AFF). Abstract @conference{Muchembled2015,
title = {Evaluation au laboratoire et aux vergers de l'efficacité d'huiles essentielles sur Venturia sp},
author = {Jérôme Muchembled and N Corroyer and Caroline Deweer and N Dupont and Karin Sahmer and Patrice Halama and J F Larrieu and J Le-Maguet and J M Navarro and L Tournant and R Vidal},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
booktitle = {5th International Conference on Alternative Methods of Crop Protection, 11-13 mars 2015, Lille},
abstract = {The effectiveness of 7 essential oils on spores of venturia inaequalis, the fungus that causes apple scab, was studied as part of a casdar project "evaluation of the benefits of using essential oils crop protection" (2013-2015). a resistant strain (r) to triazoles fungicides compared with a sensitive strain (s) is tested in liquid medium with 7 essential oils and also with metconazole, copper sulfate and sulfur. all these modalities are added or not with an adjuvant (terpene alcohol) and the ic50 are calculated after several independent experiments. the results show that some of the 7 essential oils are more effective than others on the 2 strains (clove and eucalyptus). the strain r is much more sensitive to copper sulfate than the strain s. similarly, the strain r seems to be more sensitive to the essential oils than the strain s. if the in vitro use of an adjuvant significantly increased the efficiency of copper sulfate and metconazole, it does not increase the effectiveness of essential oils and sulfur. tests orchards are underway to determine the interest not only of essential oils in organic agriculture (compared to copper) but also, by extension, in integrated fruit production},
note = {AFF},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
The effectiveness of 7 essential oils on spores of venturia inaequalis, the fungus that causes apple scab, was studied as part of a casdar project "evaluation of the benefits of using essential oils crop protection" (2013-2015). a resistant strain (r) to triazoles fungicides compared with a sensitive strain (s) is tested in liquid medium with 7 essential oils and also with metconazole, copper sulfate and sulfur. all these modalities are added or not with an adjuvant (terpene alcohol) and the ic50 are calculated after several independent experiments. the results show that some of the 7 essential oils are more effective than others on the 2 strains (clove and eucalyptus). the strain r is much more sensitive to copper sulfate than the strain s. similarly, the strain r seems to be more sensitive to the essential oils than the strain s. if the in vitro use of an adjuvant significantly increased the efficiency of copper sulfate and metconazole, it does not increase the effectiveness of essential oils and sulfur. tests orchards are underway to determine the interest not only of essential oils in organic agriculture (compared to copper) but also, by extension, in integrated fruit production |
2015Conference ER4 Auteurs : Muchembled, Jérôme; Deweer, Caroline; Emile, L; Brehault, L; Gelin, D; Zavodski, J; Sahmer, Karin; Halama, Patrice Développement du biocontrôle et substances naturelles végétales : que nous apprennent les essais au laboratoire ? Application sur 2 souches de Phytophthora infestans S et R méfénoxam 11ème Conférence Internationale sur les Maladies des Plantes, 7-9 décembre 2015, Tours, 2015, (AFF). @conference{Muchembled2015a,
title = {Développement du biocontrôle et substances naturelles végétales : que nous apprennent les essais au laboratoire ? Application sur 2 souches de Phytophthora infestans S et R méfénoxam},
author = {Jérôme Muchembled and Caroline Deweer and L Emile and L Brehault and D Gelin and J Zavodski and Karin Sahmer and Patrice Halama},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
booktitle = {11ème Conférence Internationale sur les Maladies des Plantes, 7-9 décembre 2015, Tours},
note = {AFF},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
|
2015Conference ER4 Auteurs : Muchembled, Jérôme; Deweer, Caroline; Sahmer, Karin; Halama, Patrice Evaluation in vitro de l'efficacité de 7 huiles essentielles sur une souche de Venturia inaequalis résistante au triazoles Les rencontres du végétal, 12-13 janvier 2015, Angers, 2015, (COM). Abstract @conference{Muchembled2015b,
title = {Evaluation in vitro de l'efficacité de 7 huiles essentielles sur une souche de Venturia inaequalis résistante au triazoles},
author = {Jérôme Muchembled and Caroline Deweer and Karin Sahmer and Patrice Halama},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
booktitle = {Les rencontres du végétal, 12-13 janvier 2015, Angers},
abstract = {Porté par l’itab et financé par le ministère de l’agriculture, le projet casdar intitulé « évaluation de l’intérêt d’utiliser des huiles essentielles en protection des cultures » (2013-2015) se propose d’étudier l’efficacité biofongicide in vitro et in planta de plusieurs huiles essentielles sur plusieurs modèles biologiques dans le cadre d’une démarche prospective. il s’agit dans le cas présent d’étudier l’efficacité de 7 huiles essentielles sur les spores de venturia inaequalis, le champignon responsable de la tavelure du pommier. deux souches sont utilisées : une souche résistante aux fongicides de type triazoles comparativement à une souche sensible. les 7 huiles essentielles et 2 fongicides de références de type metconazole et sulfate de cuivre (cuso4) sont testés sur les 2 souches. les expériences sont réalisées en milieu liquide en microplaques et la gamme de concentrations employée permet de calculer les ci50 pour chaque modalité grâce à l’aide d’une régression non linéaire. les expérimentations sont réalisées au moins trois fois de manière indépendantes et permettent de réaliser des tests statistiques de type anova. parmi les 7 huiles essentielles, les résultats montrent sur les 2 souches que certaines sont plus efficaces que d’autres. les résultats montrent aussi que la souche résistante metconazole est beaucoup plus sensible au cuivre que ne l’est la souche sensible. de même, la souche résistante semble parfois plus sensible aux huiles essentielles que la souche sensible. si le metconazole reste la molécule fongicide la plus efficace sur les 2 souches, les huiles essentielles sont aussi ou plus efficaces que le cuivre sur la souche sensible. ces résultats tendent à démontrer au laboratoire que le comportement des souches r et s triazoles est différent non seulement par rapport au cuivre mais aussi par rapport aux huiles essentielles. les tests aux vergers devront montrer l’intérêt des huiles essentielles dans des modes de production biologique (comparativement au cuivre) et des modes de production plus conventionnelle},
note = {COM},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Porté par l’itab et financé par le ministère de l’agriculture, le projet casdar intitulé « évaluation de l’intérêt d’utiliser des huiles essentielles en protection des cultures » (2013-2015) se propose d’étudier l’efficacité biofongicide in vitro et in planta de plusieurs huiles essentielles sur plusieurs modèles biologiques dans le cadre d’une démarche prospective. il s’agit dans le cas présent d’étudier l’efficacité de 7 huiles essentielles sur les spores de venturia inaequalis, le champignon responsable de la tavelure du pommier. deux souches sont utilisées : une souche résistante aux fongicides de type triazoles comparativement à une souche sensible. les 7 huiles essentielles et 2 fongicides de références de type metconazole et sulfate de cuivre (cuso4) sont testés sur les 2 souches. les expériences sont réalisées en milieu liquide en microplaques et la gamme de concentrations employée permet de calculer les ci50 pour chaque modalité grâce à l’aide d’une régression non linéaire. les expérimentations sont réalisées au moins trois fois de manière indépendantes et permettent de réaliser des tests statistiques de type anova. parmi les 7 huiles essentielles, les résultats montrent sur les 2 souches que certaines sont plus efficaces que d’autres. les résultats montrent aussi que la souche résistante metconazole est beaucoup plus sensible au cuivre que ne l’est la souche sensible. de même, la souche résistante semble parfois plus sensible aux huiles essentielles que la souche sensible. si le metconazole reste la molécule fongicide la plus efficace sur les 2 souches, les huiles essentielles sont aussi ou plus efficaces que le cuivre sur la souche sensible. ces résultats tendent à démontrer au laboratoire que le comportement des souches r et s triazoles est différent non seulement par rapport au cuivre mais aussi par rapport aux huiles essentielles. les tests aux vergers devront montrer l’intérêt des huiles essentielles dans des modes de production biologique (comparativement au cuivre) et des modes de production plus conventionnelle |
2015Conference ER4 Auteurs : Muchembled, Jérôme; Deweer, Caroline; Sahmer, Karin; Halama, Patrice In vitro evaluation of 7 essential oils efficacy on Phytophthora infestans XVIII. International Plant Protection Congress, 24–27 August 2015, Berlin (Allemagne), 2015, (AFF). @conference{Muchembled2015c,
title = {In vitro evaluation of 7 essential oils efficacy on Phytophthora infestans},
author = {Jérôme Muchembled and Caroline Deweer and Karin Sahmer and Patrice Halama},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
booktitle = {XVIII. International Plant Protection Congress, 24–27 August 2015, Berlin (Allemagne)},
note = {AFF},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
|
2015Conference ER4 Auteurs : Muchembled, Jérôme; Deweer, Caroline; Sahmer, Karin; Halama, Patrice Laboratory evaluation of the effectiveness of botanical substances on Phytophthora Infestans XVIII. International Plant Protection Congress, 24–27 August 2015, Berlin (Allemagne), 2015, (AFF). Abstract @conference{Muchembled2015d,
title = {Laboratory evaluation of the effectiveness of botanical substances on Phytophthora Infestans},
author = {Jérôme Muchembled and Caroline Deweer and Karin Sahmer and Patrice Halama},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
booktitle = {XVIII. International Plant Protection Congress, 24–27 August 2015, Berlin (Allemagne)},
abstract = {Potato late blight of is one of the most devastating diseases in the world with significant losses in yield and tuber quality declines. the use of pesticides is still the most common way to manage the disease in fields. however, the use of chemical fungicides in conventional agriculture or minerals fungicides in organic farming can cause environmental problems. as part of a prospective approach to the development of biocontrol and especially the use of natural plant substances in plant protection, we study here the efficacy of essential oils on phytophthora infestans. we test the efficacy of 7 essential oils on zoospores in a liquid medium (microplates) in accordance with a range of concentrations. essential oils were purchased from specialist suppliers: they are pure and chemotyped. essential oils are compared to fungicides active substances such as chlorothalonil, fluazinam and copper sulfate. the experiments are carried out at least three times in independent way. the fungicidal effectiveness is modeled by the calculation of the IC50. the IC50 values of the tested products are compared by an f-test within a nonlinear regression approach. the results show that the IC50 fungicides are lower than the IC50 essential oils. among the chemical fungicides, fluazinam is more effective than chlorothalonil. as a fungicide mineral, copper sulfate is less effective than chemical fungicides. if all essential oils have good fungicidal activity in vitro, 3 are statistically more effective than others. as natural substances, essential oils are less effective than the chemical fungicides. they are also less effective than the copper sulfate even if some of them approach the effectiveness of the mineral substance. the results of this innovative screening of essential oils in the laboratory is part of a larger research program carried by the technical institute of organic agriculture and co-funded by the ministry of agriculture ("evaluation of the interest of using essential oils in crop protection”; 2013-2015).},
note = {AFF},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Potato late blight of is one of the most devastating diseases in the world with significant losses in yield and tuber quality declines. the use of pesticides is still the most common way to manage the disease in fields. however, the use of chemical fungicides in conventional agriculture or minerals fungicides in organic farming can cause environmental problems. as part of a prospective approach to the development of biocontrol and especially the use of natural plant substances in plant protection, we study here the efficacy of essential oils on phytophthora infestans. we test the efficacy of 7 essential oils on zoospores in a liquid medium (microplates) in accordance with a range of concentrations. essential oils were purchased from specialist suppliers: they are pure and chemotyped. essential oils are compared to fungicides active substances such as chlorothalonil, fluazinam and copper sulfate. the experiments are carried out at least three times in independent way. the fungicidal effectiveness is modeled by the calculation of the IC50. the IC50 values of the tested products are compared by an f-test within a nonlinear regression approach. the results show that the IC50 fungicides are lower than the IC50 essential oils. among the chemical fungicides, fluazinam is more effective than chlorothalonil. as a fungicide mineral, copper sulfate is less effective than chemical fungicides. if all essential oils have good fungicidal activity in vitro, 3 are statistically more effective than others. as natural substances, essential oils are less effective than the chemical fungicides. they are also less effective than the copper sulfate even if some of them approach the effectiveness of the mineral substance. the results of this innovative screening of essential oils in the laboratory is part of a larger research program carried by the technical institute of organic agriculture and co-funded by the ministry of agriculture ("evaluation of the interest of using essential oils in crop protection”; 2013-2015). |
2015Conference ER4 Auteurs : Sahmer, Karin; Deweer, Caroline; Muchembled, Jérôme; Santorufo, Lucia; Louvel, Brice; Douay, Francis; Halama, Patrice Utilisation d'une régression non linéaire pour des applications microbiologiques Séminaire Modal (MOdels for Data Analysis and Learning), INRIA, 13 janvier 2015, Lille, 2015, (ACTN). @conference{Sahmer2015,
title = {Utilisation d'une régression non linéaire pour des applications microbiologiques},
author = {Karin Sahmer and Caroline Deweer and Jérôme Muchembled and Lucia Santorufo and Brice Louvel and Francis Douay and Patrice Halama},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
booktitle = {Séminaire Modal (MOdels for Data Analysis and Learning), INRIA, 13 janvier 2015, Lille},
note = {ACTN},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
|
2014Journal Article ER4 Auteurs : Ors, M; Siah, Ali; Randoux, B; Selim, S; Couleaud, G; Maumene, C; Sahmer, Karin; Reignault, P; Halama, Patrice Protection efficacy and modes of action of two resistance inducers on wheat against Septoria tritici blotch In: Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 411-419, 2014, (ACLN). Abstract @article{Ors2014,
title = {Protection efficacy and modes of action of two resistance inducers on wheat against Septoria tritici blotch},
author = {M Ors and Ali Siah and B Randoux and S Selim and G Couleaud and C Maumene and Karin Sahmer and P Reignault and Patrice Halama},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences},
volume = {79},
number = {3},
pages = {411-419},
abstract = {Septoria tritici blotch caused by mycosphaerella graminicola is one of the most devastating foliar diseases of wheat. disease control relies heavily on fungicides, but frequent development of fungal resistance and the negative impact of their extensive use on the environment and human health increasingly compromise this control strategy. plant resistance inducers could be an alternative to conventional fungicides to control in a more durable manner this pathogen. here, we tested in the greenhouse two resistance inducers (fsov7 and fsov10) on two wheat cultivars, alixan (susceptible) and altigo (resistant), against m. graminicola. fsov7 conferred a significant protection level on both cultivars, while fsov10 conferred a significant protection level on the resistant cv. altigo only. furthermore, the modes of action of the two inducers were examined using cytological, biochemical and molecular approaches. in planta, investigation of the infection process showed that fsov10 significantly reduced fungal spore germination, whereas fsov7 did not. an association of protection efficacy with a decrease of fungal biomass and fungal β-1, 4-endoxylanase and protease activities was observed in both cultivars. however, no association of plant peroxidase activity with protection efficacy was recorded, whatever the cultivar and the resistance inducer. a rt-qpcr assay revealed significant inductions of the expression of genes involved in different defence pathways; further statistical analyses should determine which genes are associated with the observed protection efficacies. this study showed significant inducer-cultivar interactions on wheat against m. graminicola and allowed us to investigate the modes of action on wheat of the two studied resistance inducers},
note = {ACLN},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Septoria tritici blotch caused by mycosphaerella graminicola is one of the most devastating foliar diseases of wheat. disease control relies heavily on fungicides, but frequent development of fungal resistance and the negative impact of their extensive use on the environment and human health increasingly compromise this control strategy. plant resistance inducers could be an alternative to conventional fungicides to control in a more durable manner this pathogen. here, we tested in the greenhouse two resistance inducers (fsov7 and fsov10) on two wheat cultivars, alixan (susceptible) and altigo (resistant), against m. graminicola. fsov7 conferred a significant protection level on both cultivars, while fsov10 conferred a significant protection level on the resistant cv. altigo only. furthermore, the modes of action of the two inducers were examined using cytological, biochemical and molecular approaches. in planta, investigation of the infection process showed that fsov10 significantly reduced fungal spore germination, whereas fsov7 did not. an association of protection efficacy with a decrease of fungal biomass and fungal β-1, 4-endoxylanase and protease activities was observed in both cultivars. however, no association of plant peroxidase activity with protection efficacy was recorded, whatever the cultivar and the resistance inducer. a rt-qpcr assay revealed significant inductions of the expression of genes involved in different defence pathways; further statistical analyses should determine which genes are associated with the observed protection efficacies. this study showed significant inducer-cultivar interactions on wheat against m. graminicola and allowed us to investigate the modes of action on wheat of the two studied resistance inducers |
2014Conference ER4 Auteurs : Sahmer, Karin; Deweer, Caroline; Muchembled, Jérôme; Halama, Patrice Utilisation d'une régression non linéaire pour comparer l'efficacité d'huiles essentielles en tant que biofongicides 46èmes Journées de Statistique, 2-6 juin 2014, Rennes, 2014, (ACTN). @conference{Sahmer2014,
title = {Utilisation d'une régression non linéaire pour comparer l'efficacité d'huiles essentielles en tant que biofongicides},
author = {Karin Sahmer and Caroline Deweer and Jérôme Muchembled and Patrice Halama},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
booktitle = {46èmes Journées de Statistique, 2-6 juin 2014, Rennes},
note = {ACTN},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
|
2013Book ER4 Auteurs : Sahmer, Karin A Model for the Clustering of Variables Taking into Account External Data 2013, (OS). Abstract @book{Sahmer2013,
title = {A Model for the Clustering of Variables Taking into Account External Data},
author = {Karin Sahmer},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
booktitle = {in "Classification and Data Mining, Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization"},
volume = {pp 81-88, Springer},
abstract = {In this paper, a statistical model for the clustering of variables taking into account external data is proposed. this model is particularly appropriate for preference data in the presence of external information about the products. the clustering of variables around latent components (clv method) is analysed on the basis of this model. within the clv method, there is one option without external data and one option taking into account external data. the criteria of both options can be expressed in function of the parameters of the postulated model. it is shown that the hierarchical algorithm finds the correct partition when the parameters of the model are known, no matter which option of clv is used. furthermore, the two options of clv are compared by means of a simulation study. both options perform well except for the case of small samples with a very large noise.moreover, in most cases the performance of both options is equivalent},
note = {OS},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
In this paper, a statistical model for the clustering of variables taking into account external data is proposed. this model is particularly appropriate for preference data in the presence of external information about the products. the clustering of variables around latent components (clv method) is analysed on the basis of this model. within the clv method, there is one option without external data and one option taking into account external data. the criteria of both options can be expressed in function of the parameters of the postulated model. it is shown that the hierarchical algorithm finds the correct partition when the parameters of the model are known, no matter which option of clv is used. furthermore, the two options of clv are compared by means of a simulation study. both options perform well except for the case of small samples with a very large noise.moreover, in most cases the performance of both options is equivalent |
