Publications

@article{Brousmiche2020,

title = {Spatialized composite indices to evaluate environmental health inequalities: Meeting the challenge of selecting relevant variables},

author = {Delphine Brousmiche and Florent Occelli and Michaël Genin and Damien Cuny and Annabelle Deram and Caroline Lanier},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Ecological Indicators},

volume = {111},

number = {106023},

pages = {16pp},

abstract = {The wide range of factors involved in environmental health and the 

	complexity of interactions between all environmental determinants 

	require the validation of multidimensional approaches. While the 

	development of composite indices is receiving growing attention by 

	scientists and public authorities, the concept continues to lack 

	transposability and robustness partly due to varying conceptualizations 

	and/or methodologies. 

 

	This review aims to promote harmonizing practices governing the first 

	step of development of composite index, namely identification and 

	characterization of the dimensions and variables that are included 

	in environmental health indices. A review of available literature 

	(more than 1500 studies) was conducted to identify the composite 

	indices developed to assess territorial determinants from an environmental 

	health perspective. This process made it possible to identify 23 

	spatialized composite indices and to assess a total of 329 variables. 

	This diversity highlights that the absence of a common framework 

	can lead to a strong subjectivity and limit comparisons between different 

	environmental health indices. The specificity and the availability 

	of certain variables would limit the transposability of indices. 

 

	In light of current knowledge, this review proposes a consolidated 

	methodological framework based on a categorization of variables into 

	dimensions and sub-dimensions related to heath, environment, social, 

	economics, services and policy. To characterize the sub-dimensions, 

	several variables are possible and can be chosen according to the 

	availability and/or accessibility of the data. The adaptation of 

	a composite index to a specific territory or to a specific issue 

	would then be effective through the included variables. This also 

	aims to be transposable to any spatial unit (country, region, census 

	tract). 

 

	This work is a first step towards a proposal of guidelines designed 

	to provide a consensual framework that could facilitate the exploitation 

	of environmental health indices. This transparency could also increase 

	the understanding and adoption of these tools by public authorities 

	and general public.},

note = {ACL},

keywords = {ER4},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Ghemari2020,

title = {Physiological and histopathological responses of Porcellio laevis (Isopoda, Crustacea) as indicators of metal trace element contamination},

author = {Chedliya Ghemari and Raja Jelassi and Hajer Khemaissia and Christophe Waterlot and Maryline Raimond and Catherine Souty-Grosset and Francis Douay and Karima Nasri-Ammar},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Microscopy Research and Technique},

volume = {83},

number = {4},

pages = {402-409},

abstract = {Abstract This study was designed to assess the impact of the mixture 

	of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) on the bioaccumulation and the ultrastructural 

	changes in the hepatopancreas of Porcellio laevis (Latreille, 1804) 

	after 4?weeks of exposure to contaminated Quercus leaves under laboratory 

	conditions. For each metal, four concentrations were used with four 

	replicates for each concentration. Metal concentrations in the hepatopancreas 

	and the rest of the body were determined using atomic absorption 

	spectrometry. From the first week until the end of the experiment, 

	a weight gain in P. laevis was observed particularly between the 

	first and the end of exposure from 93.3?±?18.22?mg fw to 105.22?±?16.16?mg 

	fw and from 106.4?±?22.67?mg fw to 125.9?±?23.9 mg fw for Mix1 

	and Mix4, respectively. Additionally, the determined metal trace 

	elements (MTE) concentrations in the hepatopancreas were considerably 

	higher compared to those in the rest of the body and seem to be dose-dependent. 

	Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), some alterations were 

	highlighted in the hepatopancreas. The main observed alterations 

	were (a) the destruction of the microvilli border in a considerable 

	portion of cells, (b) the increase of the lipid droplets with different 

	shapes and sizes, (c) the increase in the number of the mitochondria, 

	and (d) the appearance of TE in the form of B-type granules. The 

	obtained results confirmed the ability of P. laevis to deal with 

	high amounts of MTE, suggesting its possible use in future soil's 

	biomonitoring programs.},

note = {ACL},

keywords = {ER4},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Janus2020,

title = {Ex situ evaluation of the effects of biochars on environmental and toxicological availabilities of metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons},

author = {Adeline Janus and Christophe Waterlot and Francis Douay and Aurélie Pelfrêne},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Science and Pollution Research},

volume = {27},

pages = {1852–1869},

abstract = {The present study experimented five biochars, one made from wood (400 

	°C, 12 h) and four made from miscanthus cultivated on contaminated 

	soils (temperature 400/600 °C, duration 45/90 min). They were used 

	as amendments at a 2% application rate on soil, cultivated or not 

	cultivated with ryegrass, contaminated with (i) metals (Cd, Pb, and 

	Zn), (ii) eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and (iii) 

	a mix of metals and PAHs. The objectives were (i) to compare the 

	effectiveness of the five biochars on soil parameters and pollutant 

	availability and (ii) to determine the influence of soil multicontamination 

	and ryegrass cultivation on biochar effectiveness. The results showed 

	that biochar application did not necessarily lead to lower pollutant 

	extractability and metal bioaccessibility. However, differences were 

	highlighted between the biochars. The miscanthus biochars produced 

	at 600 °C (BM600) showed higher effectiveness at decreasing metal 

	extractability than the miscanthus biochars produced at 400 °C (BM400) 

	due to its better sorption characteristics. In addition, ryegrass 

	cultivation did not impact pollutant availability but modified metal 

	bioaccessibility, especially for the soil amended with the BM600 

	and the woody biochar. Moreover, the presence of PAHs also negatively 

	impacted the metal bioaccessibility in the soil amended with the 

	BM600, and, on the contrary, positively impacted it in the soil amended 

	with the BM400. Complementary studies are therefore necessary to 

	understand the mechanisms involved, particularly in a context where 

	soils requiring remediation operations are often multicontaminated 

	and vegetated.},

note = {ACL},

keywords = {ER4},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Nguyen2020,

title = {Environmental availability and oral bioaccessibility of Cd and Pb in anthroposols from dredged river sediments},

author = {Van-Xuan Nguyen and Francis Douay and Yannick Mamindy-Pajany and Claire Alary and Aurelie Pelfrêne},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Science and Pollution Research},

volume = {27},

number = {1},

pages = {622-635},

abstract = {Dredging and disposal of sediments onto land sites is a common practice 

	in urban and industrial areas that can present environmental and 

	health risks when the sediments contain metallic elements. The aim 

	of this study was to characterise and study the environmental and 

	toxicological availability of Cd and Pb in anthroposols from dredged 

	river sediments. To do this, 67 surface samples spread over 12 sediment 

	disposal sites in northern France were studied. The results showed 

	substantial heterogeneity for this matrix in terms of physicochemical 

	parameters and contamination degree; however, ascending hierarchical 

	clustering made it possible to classify the samples into eight groups. 

	For each group, the mobile fraction of Cd and Pb was studied using 

	single EDTA extraction, solid-phase distribution was analysed with 

	sequential extractions and toxicological availability was assessed 

	with the oral bioaccessibility test. The results showed that (i) 

	Cd had a higher environmental and toxicological availability than 

	Pb; (ii) this availability depends on the physicochemical characteristics 

	of the matrix; and (iii) it is necessary to take into account the 

	environmental and toxicological availability of contaminants when 

	requalifying these sites in order to propose appropriate management 

	measures. In the first years after sediment disposal, it would appear 

	that the environmental and toxicological availability of Cd and Pb 

	increased (from 52.5 to 71.8% and from 28.9 to 48.9%, respectively, 

	by using EDTA and from 50.2 to 68.5% for Cd with the bioaccessibility 

	test). Further studies would therefore be required to confirm this 

	trend and understand the mechanisms involved.},

note = {ACL},

keywords = {ER4},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@conference{Schwartz2020,

title = {Knowledge, evaluation and impact management of urban garden soils, looking back on 30 years of research},

author = {Christophe Schwartz and Francis Douay and Franck Marot},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

booktitle = {EUROSOIL 2020, 24-28 August 2020, Geneva (Switerland)},

abstract = {Would you like to receive more information about applying for a grant 

	once this becomes available?: No Content: (1) Vegetable gardens: 

	between renewed interest and vigilance - With the increasing artificialisation 

	of urban and peri-urban soils, the demand for nature in cities is 

	regaining real vigour. This is almost unexpected for vegetable gardens. 

	Indeed, three to four decades ago the cultivation of vegetable gardens 

	at home or in collective gardens was obsolete, in particular due 

	to access to fruit and vegetables facilitated by intensive agriculture. 

	Today, if the economic interest of the vegetable garden continues, 

	the reasons for this revival are more in the social bond, the practice 

	of a physical activity or the will to eat healthy. However, the dynamics 

	of this form of urban agriculture and in particular vegetable gardens 

	can be translated into hasty projects for which certain elements 

	of "common sense" would be neglected. Thus, the extension of the 

	city over the city leads to changes in land use that can, for example, 

	increase the exposure of populations to pollutants. The compatibility 

	between the state of the environment and the uses must then be checked; 

	this exercise is not always easy given the diversity of the situations 

	encountered. (2) A range of projects and actors: from disciplinary 

	case studies to multidisciplinary projects - An inventory is proposed, 

	carried out on the one hand, on the basis of the main lessons learned 

	from research projects and studies carried out and on the other hand, 

	through the collection of information from various actors. For this, 

	we supplemented our own knowledge with a bibliographic work carried 

	out on the basis of almost 30 major research projects, more than 

	150 international publications and a collection of information from 

	a dozen actors in the field via a targeted survey. After describing 

	the garden ecosystem and the actors involved in it’s functioning, 

	we present the historical evolution, since the 1990s, of the concepts 

	and associated approaches. The different compartments of the ecosystem 

	are then presented, before identifying the main scientific results 

	obtained and their promotion in the form of approaches and tools 

	for garden management. (3) Understanding garden soils to better manage 

	them: main achievements and prospects - The research carried out 

	has made it possible to acquire knowledge about vegetable gardens, 

	the agronomic characteristics of their soils, their degree of fertility 

	and contamination and that of vegetables, exposure to pollutants 

	from populations associated with gardening and the management measures 

	to be implemented if necessary. The results of this work demonstrated 

	the complexity of the "garden" socio-ecosystem, the very high variability 

	in the quality of soils and crops and the existence of transfers 

	of certain pollutants within the food chain. Based on the knowledge 

	limits identified, finalized research perspectives are then proposed 

	with the aim of informing and training even more the multiple actors 

	concerned by the challenges linked to vegetable gardens.},

note = {COM},

keywords = {ER4},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@article{occelli_exposure_2020,

title = {Exposure to multiple air pollutants and the incidence of coronary heart disease: A fine-scale geographic analysis},

author = {Florent Occelli and Caroline Lanier and Damien Cuny and Annabelle Deram and Julie Dumont and Philippe Amouyel and Michèle Montaye and Luc Dauchet and Jean Dallongeville and Michaël Genin},

url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969720301182},

doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136608},

issn = {0048-9697},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

urldate = {2020-02-05},

journal = {Science of The Total Environment},

volume = {714},

pages = {136608},

abstract = {Geographical variations in cardiovascular disease rates have been linked to individual air pollutants. Investigating the relation between cardiovascular disease and exposure to a complex mixture of air pollutants requires holistic approaches. We assessed the relationship between exposure to multiple air pollutants and the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in a general population sample. We collected data in the Lille MONICA registry (2008–2011) on 3268 incident cases (age range: 35–74). Based on 20 indicators, we derived a composite environmental score (SEnv) for cumulative exposure to air pollution. Poisson regression models were used to analyse associations between CHD rates on one hand and SEnv and each single indicator on the other (considered in tertiles, where T3 is the most contaminated). We adjusted models for age, sex, area-level social deprivation, and neighbourhood spatial structure. The incidence of CHD was a spatially heterogeneous (p=0.006). There was a significant positive association between SEnv and CHD incidence (trend p=0.0151). The relative risks [95%CI] of CHD were 1.08 [0.98–1.18] and 1.16 [1.04–1.29] for the 2nd and 3rd tertile of SEnv exposure. In the single pollutant analysis, PM10, NO2, cadmium, copper, nickel, and palladium were significantly associated with CHD rates. Multiple air pollution was associated with an increased risk of CHD. Single pollutants reflecting road traffic pollution were the most strongly associated with CHD. Our present results are consistent with the literature data on the impact of road traffic on the CHD risk in urban areas.},

note = {ACL},

keywords = {ER4},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Leclercq-Dransart2020,

title = {Comparison of the interest of four types of organic mulches to reclaim degraded areas: a field study based on their relative attractiveness for soil macrofauna},

author = {Julie Leclercq-Dransart and Sylvain Demuynck and Francis Douay and Fabien Grumiaux and Céline Pernin and Alain Leprêtre},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Ecological Engineering},

volume = {158},

pages = {106066},

abstract = {The study focused on the attractiveness of mulches (consisting of 

	the addition of a layer material to the soil surface) and their efficiency 

	to promote recolonization by pedofauna of isolated and degraded areas. 

	The experimental study was set up in the former coal mining area 

	of Northern France. This area is particularly disturbed and fragmented 

	by land-use change, urbanization, industry, intensive agriculture 

	and metal pollution. To examine the movements of pedofauna, four 

	kinds of mulches were applied: (i) Ramial Chipped Wood (RCW), (ii) 

	chopped Miscanthus, (iii) dead leaves and (iv) wheat straw as well 

	as plastic sheeting, a material often used in green spaces. A negative 

	control consisted in soil without mulch addition. The experimental 

	set-up consisted of a set of 18 bands of mulch (6 m long x 0.5 m 

	width x 8 cm thick, i.e. a volume of 0.04 m3 per band) installed 

	on three adjacent plots on a surface area which stretch on 4400 m2: 

	(i) plot F1, a mixed plantation, (ii) plot M consisted of three rows 

	of maples (both considered to be the reservoir of biodiversity) and 

	(iii) plot BF, an ash plantation (with lower biodiversity). Faunistic 

	communities of soil present within the mulches were monitoring using 

	pitfall traps for four months (April to July), at a rate of eight 

	surveys for each of the 90 traps installed, i.e. 720 samples. Different 

	life traits and indices of diversity were studied, more specifically 

	on carabid beetles. The main objective of the study was first to 

	check whether mulches could or not reconnect different planted plots 

	in a peri-urban landscape highly modified by human activities. The 

	second aim was to find which type of mulch had the best efficiency 

	in the recovery of the connectivity between plots. The last questions 

	were which type of zoological groups could be favoured by the use 

	of mulches and which benefits for ecosystem functioning. The main 

	hypotheses of this study were: (i) Organic mulches would act as dispersal 

	corridors and refuge zones to the soil organisms; (ii) organic mulches 

	would be attractive to many organisms with various ecological needs. 

	This study highlighted the potential benefits of using the mulching 

	technique to support ecological connectivity in disturbed environment 

	since this method highlighted the presence of individuals with different 

	diets (saprophagous, predators, phytophagous and so forth), small 

	and large size species which do not have the same dispersal capacities 

	as well as species that are more dependent on forest environments 

	and others that depend on more open environments. The study concluded 

	that organic mulches are more favourable to pedofauna than soil without 

	mulch or plastic sheeting. With regard to organic mulches, no difference 

	was noted, either in terms of cumulative abundance or monthly monitoring. 

	However, for carabids, it should be noted that dead leaves and wheat 

	straw have higher specific richness than Miscanthus and RCW.},

note = {ACL},

keywords = {ER4},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}