Publications

@conference{Waterlot2009a,

title = {Évaluation d'une méthode de dosage du cadmium dans les solutions d’extraction de sols de potagers localisés aux alentours d’une ancienne fonderie de plomb},

author = {Christophe Waterlot and Christelle Pruvot and Francis Douay},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

booktitle = {2ème Rencontres Nationales de la Recherche sur les Sites & Sols Pollués, ADEME. 20-21 octobre 2009, Paris},

abstract = {Les activités passées de la fonderie de plomb metaleurop nord (1873 – 2003) située à noyelles- godault ont entraîné des rejets dans l’atmosphère de quantités importantes de poussières. ceux-ci ont engendré une forte contamination des sols aux alentours. des travaux antérieurs ont ainsi montré que les concentrations totales en cd, pb et zn dans les horizons labourés des sols agricoles du secteur excédaient fortement les teneurs agricoles habituelles régionales (sterckeman et al. 2000). dans une moindre mesure, il a aussi été constaté une contamination en ag, as, bi, cu, hg, in, ni, sb, se, sn et tl (sterckeman et al. 2002). plus récemment, douay et al. (2008) ont mis en évidence un degré de contamination en cd, pb et zn, mais aussi en bi, in, sb et as des sols urbains du secteur, supérieur à celui des sols agricoles situés dans le même contexte environnemental. ceci pourrait être expliqué par des remaniements et les pratiques des jardiniers, mais aussi par des apports en liaison avec l’utilisation du charbon pour les besoins domestiques. quels que soient leurs usages, les sols aux alentours de metaleurop nord présentent une contamination multi métallique pouvant engendrer des interférences lors du dosage de certains éléments. ainsi, les teneurs en cd mesurées peuvent différer selon les techniques analytiques utilisées. la détermination des teneurs en cd dans les solutions d’extraction en utilisant la spectrométrie d’émission atomique couplée à une torche à plasma (icp-aes : inductively coupled plasma – atomic emission spectrometry) peut présenter des inconvénients. ceux-ci sont particulièrement rencontrés lorsque les matrices digérées présentent des teneurs élevées en fe, en al, mais aussi en as, en comparaison avec celles en cd (lambkin and alloway 2000). c’est notamment le cas des sols aux alentours de metaleurop nord. par ailleurs, les longueurs d’onde 228,802 nm, 214,438 nm et 226,502 nm caractéristiques des raies d’émission de cd définissent celles relatives aux émissions secondaires respectivement de as, al et fe. des interférences spectrales causées par ces éléments au cours du dosage de cd peuvent donc engendrer une surévaluation ou une sous-évaluation des teneurs en cd mesurées (lambkin and alloway 2000). le dosage de cd par spectrométrie d’absorption atomique à la longueur d’onde caractéristique de la raie principale d’absorption de cet élément permet de s’affranchir des interférences spectrales causées par fe et al. cette technique de dosage élimine partiellement les interférences spectrales entre as et cd (lambkin and alloway 2000). en revanche, les caractéristiques des spectromètres d’absorption atomique (saa) ne permettent pas à ce jour de s’affranchir totalement des interférences spectrales entre ces deux éléments, et ceci en raison des longueurs d’onde d’absorption très proches qui les caractérisent (ıcd = 228,802 nm et ıas = 228,812 nm). la présentation porte sur l’évaluation d’une méthode de correction du bruit de fond généré par as au cours du dosage de cd dans les solutions d’extraction de sols urbains présentant des teneurs en as parfois supérieures à celles en cd. localisés à moins de 2 km de l’ancien site métallurgique metaleurop nord, les horizons labourés de 10 sols de potagers ont été échantillonnés. après séchage à une température inférieures à à 40°c, les terres ont été homogénéisées, puis broyées pour passer au travers d’un tamis de 315 μm. des extractions à l’eau ultra pure, au chlorure de calcium 0,01 m et à l’acide citrique 0,11 m ont été réalisées en triplicat sur chacun des échantillons composites. les teneurs en cd et en as des solutions obtenues ont été déterminées par icp-aes aux longueurs d’onde ıcd = 228,802 nm, ııcd = 214,438 nm et ıas = 193,696 nm. la démarche a été complétée par la détermination en saa de leurs teneurs en cd en utilisant deux modes de correction du bruit causée par l’espèce concomitante, as. le premier, appelé bgc-d2 (deuterium background correction) nécessite l’utilisation d’une lampe au deutérium. le second mode, dénommé bgc-sr (self reversal background correction), est basé sur l’utilisation d’une lampe cd à cathode creuse pulsée avec un courant dont l’intensité varie au cours du temps.},

note = {ACTN},

keywords = {ER4},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@article{Douay2009,

title = {Contamination of woody habitat soils around a former lead smelter in the North of France},

author = {Francis Douay and Christelle Pruvot and Christophe Waterlot and Clémentine Fritsch and Hervé Fourrier and Alexandre Loriette and Géraldine Bidar and Cécile Grand and Annette De-Vaufleury and Renaud Scheifler},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Science of the Total Environment},

volume = {407},

number = {21},

pages = {5564-5577},

abstract = {The Contamination of the Topsoil of 262 Woody Habitats around a Former Lead Smelter in the North of France Was Assessed. in This Urbanized and Industrialized Area, These Kinds of Habitats Comprise of Hedges, Groves, Small Woods, Anthropogenic Creations and One Large Forest. except for the Latter, Which Is 3 Km Away, These Woody Habitat Soils Often Present a High Anthropization Degree (a Significant Amount of Pebbles and Stones Related to Human Activities) with a High Metal Contamination. in the Studied Woody Habitat Topsoils, Cd, Pb and Zn Concentrations Largely Exceeded Those of Agricultural Topsoils Located in the Same Environmental Context. Therefore, Atmospheric Emissions from the Smelter Are Not the Only Cause of the High Contamination of the Woody Habitat Soils. This Last One Is Related to the Nature and the Contamination Level of Deposit in Relation with Human Activities (rubbles, Slag, Soils, Etc). with Regard to the Results Obtained with Chemical Extractions, the Mobility of Cd, Pb and Zn in These Soils Is Also Greater Than in Agricultural Soils. in the Forest, Pollutant Solubility Is Increased by Soil Acidic Ph. the Variability of the Physico-chemical Parameters and the High Metal Contamination of the Topsoils Are the Main Characteristics of the Woody Habitats Located around the Former Smelter. Although Never Taken into Account during Risk Assessment, the Disturbance of These Environmental Components Could Have Important Biogeochemical Impacts (nutrients and Metal Cycles). Moreover, Any Modification of the Soils' Use Could Potentially Cause Mobilization and Transfer of the Pollutants to the Biosphere. Six Years After the Closure of the Smelter, and As Social and Economic Pressures Considerably Increase in This Area, the Study of These Peculiar Ecosystems Is Necessary to Understand and Predict the Bioavailability, Transfer, Bioaccumulation and Effects of Pollutants in Food Chains.},

note = {ACL},

keywords = {ER4},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Follain2009,

title = {A method for assessing available phosphorus content in arable topsoils over large spatial scales},

author = {Stéphane Follain and Christian Schvartz and Pascal Denoroy and Christine Villette and Nicolas-P-A Saby and Dominique Arrouays and Blandine Lemercier and Christian Walter},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Agronomy for Sustainable Development},

volume = {29},

number = {2},

pages = {371-379},

abstract = {Human activities, and more specifically agricultural activities, have modified the way the ecosystem functions through the use of fertilizers. when these inputs are not being utilized reasonably, they can lead to a degradation in both soil and water quality. as a result of the subsequent environmental problems and socio-economic constraints, the concept of sustainable fertilization was born. the main goal behind sustainable fertilization is to reduce the amount of fertilizers used while maintaining soil fertility and farmer revenues. we have designed herein a methodology for assessing the phosphorus bioavailability in arable topsoils on france's national scale, on the basis of this sustainable fertilization concept. we will consider the sustainability of a cropping system that requires balancing nutrient removal from the soil by fertilization, in order to avoid environmental risks. the originality of this method lies in quantitative results stemming from the french soil test database (bdat) and their evaluation using the regifert software, which incorporates soil characteristics and crop sensitivity to nutrient availability. according to the proposed procedure, we determined the phosphorus bioavailability class of french arable soils at the cantonal scale. cantons are areas of average surface of 140 km2. this methodology constitutes an attempt to gather all analytical results into a common diagnostic framework on the national scale (for france), while taking into account the local pedological context and crop production requirements. with this procedure, we are able to conclude that 77% of cantons are situated below the critical level regarding crop needs. furthermore, this diagnosis suggests that the available phosphorus content in soils is considered insufficient with respect to any crop potential requirement. from an environmental standpoint, however, this situation could be considered as generating the lowest pollution risk. nevertheless, 23% of the cantons exhibit a soil phosphorus accumulation that is not necessary with regard to agricultural uses. in this case, no fertilization is required and the pollution risk is increased. on the national scale, bioavailability class frequencies are structured spatially, with gradients correlated to soil parameter spatial distribution, and tend to reflect land use patterns},

note = {ACL},

keywords = {ER4},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Piou2009,

title = {Changes in the geochemistry and ecotoxicity of a Zn and Cd contaminated dredged sediment over time after land disposal},

author = {Stéphanie Piou and Philippe Bataillard and Agnès Laboudigue and Jean-François Férard and Jean-François Masfaraud},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Research},

volume = {106},

number = {9},

pages = {712-720},

abstract = {The management of dredged sediments is of environmental concern worldwide since they may be overloaded with myriads of pollutants. for inland waters’ sediments, disposal on land is a common practice. for the long-term risks assessment of such a management, a better understanding of the fate of pollutants over time and an assessment of possible associated biological consequences are needed. here, we studied the geochemical distribution of fe, mn, zn and cd in sediment dredged from the scarpe canal (nord-pas-de-calais region, france). analyses were carried out immediately after dredging and 12, 18 and 24 months after disposal in field conditions. in parallel, ecotoxicity of sediment leachates was assessed using standardized bioassays. the results reflected an initial oxidation of sulphides (first year) followed by changes explained by a reversible binding of metals to organic matter in winter and to fe oxihydroxides in summer. the water-leachable fraction represented less than 2% of the total metal and its ecotoxicity was higher for deposited sediments than for the fresh one. after first year of disposal, sediment ecotoxicity remained stable. a long-term natural attenuation of metals within disposed sediment seemed unlikely since their speciation seemed to fluctuate seasonally without any time trend over years.},

note = {ACL},

keywords = {ER4},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Gueguen2009,

title = {Oyster hemocytes express a proline-rich peptide displaying synergistic antimicrobial activity with a defensin},

author = {Yannick Gueguen and Bernard Romestand and Julie Fievet and Paulina Schmitt and Delphine Destoumieux-Garzón and Franck Vandenbulcke and Philippe Bulet and Evelyne Bachère},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Molecular Immunology},

volume = {46},

number = {4},

pages = {516-522},

abstract = {A cdna sequence that encodes a 61-amino acid polypeptide precursor with homologies to proline-rich antimicrobial peptides (amps) was identified in the oyster crassostrea gigas. after release of a hydrophobic signal peptide, the resulting 37-amino acid peptide, cg-prp, is composed of an acidic region and a cationic proline-rich region. to evaluate the biological properties of cg-prp, multiple proline-rich peptides corresponding to putative processing of the full-length cg-prp were synthesized. a limited antimicrobial activity was observed for two of them, which also showed strong synergistic antimicrobial activity with cg-def, a defensin from c. gigas. to our knowledge, this is the first evidence of synergy between a defensin and another amp in an invertebrate. by in situ hybridization, the expression of cg-prp was found to be restricted to hemocytes and induced following bacterial challenge. cg-prp transcripts were also detected in hemocytes infiltrating mantle, where cg-def is expressed. additionally, by immunocytochemistry, we showed that cg-prp or one of its variants is present in some hemocytes together with defensins. in conclusion, we described here the first proline-rich amp from mollusk. from our study, it is likely to provide a first line of defense against bacterial invasion by acting through synergy with defensins.},

note = {ACL},

keywords = {ER4},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}